Russia has recently taken a significant step by allowing the domestic production of genetically modified (GM) crops and food. This decision marks a shift from previous policies, where GM products were primarily imported. However, public sentiment remains divided, with 80% of Russians reportedly opposing the consumption of genetically modified foods, despite the fact that many may already be eating them unknowingly.
The debate around GM foods is not new. In the early 1990s, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) began promoting genetic engineering as a solution to global hunger, particularly in regions like Africa. Scientists at the time suggested that by modifying plant genomes, crops could become more resistant to pests and environmental stress without compromising growth. This led to an increase in humanitarian aid through GM-based agriculture. However, the long-term effects of these modifications remain a topic of debate.
In the United States, genetically modified foods have been widely available for years. A representative from the U.S. Department of Agriculture once noted that most affordable grocery items are GM, while wealthier consumers tend to avoid them. This divide highlights the ongoing controversy over the safety and ethics of genetic modification.
Some Americans, like a New York resident, choose to buy only expensive, non-GM food, even if it means spending more on other essentials. They believe that the potential risks of GM foods—despite the lack of conclusive evidence—are too great to ignore. Others, however, argue that the claim "hazard has not been confirmed" is often used to downplay concerns.
In Russia, the opposition to GM foods has grown significantly. While in the early 2000s only 30% of people opposed GMOs, today the number has risen to 80%, with some areas like Moscow reaching 90%. As a result, several regions have declared themselves "GMO-free zones." For example, the Belgorod region has banned the sale of GM foods, and in Moscow, products containing genetically modified organisms must be clearly labeled.
According to Russian law, any food product containing more than 0.9% genetically modified ingredients must be labeled. However, there are no special regulations for baby food, which has raised concerns among parents. Recent inspections have revealed that many processed foods, including sausages, contain genetically modified components without proper labeling.
Starting next July, Russians will not only be able to purchase GM foods but also produce them domestically. The government made this decision in September, but it has received little public attention. Some scientists, like Andrei Dongnov of the State Duma, argue that it’s necessary to allow GM production, as traditional breeding methods have failed to create safe alternatives.
Despite fears about genetic modification, some experts warn that the use of chemicals, toxins, and antibiotics in food may pose even greater risks. The debate continues, with both supporters and opponents presenting compelling arguments. As Russia moves forward with its new policy, the question remains: will the public accept genetically modified foods, or will resistance continue to grow?
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