The interpretation of selection criteria for protective masks

As hazy weather becomes more frequent, masks with high filtration and protective capabilities have become essential for people venturing outdoors. However, the English labels on these products often cause confusion. What's the difference between N95, R95, and P95? Does "KN100" mean 100% filtration efficiency? In reality, these markings represent different levels of protection based on various standards. Each mask category offers a specific level of defense against airborne particles, tailored to its certification criteria.

The N95 mask is one of the most familiar types among consumers. It’s not a brand or product name, but rather one of nine categories of particulate respirators regulated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The "N" stands for "Non-oil," meaning it filters non-oily particles such as dust, pollen, and bacteria. The "95" indicates that the mask can filter at least 95% of these particles. Non-oily particulates typically include things like coal dust, cement dust, and microorganisms. Since most smog particles are non-oily, N95 masks are well-suited for everyday use in polluted environments.

In addition to the N series, the U.S. also recognizes R and P standards. The "R" denotes "Oil-Resistant," while "P" stands for "Oil-Proof," meaning they can filter both oily and non-oily particles. These three series—N, R, and P—are further divided into three levels: 95, 99, and 100, representing minimum filtration efficiencies of 95%, 99%, and 99.97%, respectively. Internationally, the European EN standard is another widely used classification system. It divides masks into FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3, with filtration efficiencies of 80%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. This standard is suitable for both oily and non-oily particles.

China follows the national mandatory standard GB2626-2006, which regulates respirators used for particle protection. This standard includes two main types: KN and KP. KN masks are designed to filter only non-oily particles, while KP masks can handle both oily and non-oily particles. They are categorized into three levels—90, 95, and 100—indicating minimum filtration efficiencies of 90%, 95%, and 99.97%. Overall, China's GB standard aligns closely with international norms in terms of performance and comfort requirements.

Under Chinese regulations, all special labor protection items, including protective masks, must carry the LA safety sign issued by the State Administration of Work Safety Supervision and Administration. This certification ensures that the product meets safety and effectiveness standards, offering users reliable protection.

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