The interpretation of selection criteria for protective masks

In recent years, with the increasing frequency of hazy weather, masks with high filtration and protective capabilities have become essential for people going out. However, many are confused by the English labels found on mask products. What’s the difference between N95, R95, and P95? Does "KN100" mean 100% filtration efficiency? These markings actually indicate different levels of protection based on various standards. Each type of mask is designed to offer specific protection depending on its certification and intended use.

The N95 mask is one of the most commonly recognized types among consumers. It's important to note that N95 isn't a brand or product name, but rather a classification under the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standards. The "N" stands for "Non-oil," meaning it is not oil-resistant, while "95" indicates that the mask filters at least 95% of non-oily particles. Non-oily particulates include things like dust, pollen, and bacteria. In contrast, oily particles such as engine oil or cooking fumes are not effectively filtered by N95 masks. This makes them ideal for smoggy conditions where most airborne particles are non-oily.

Alongside the N series, the U.S. also has R and P standards. The R series is oil-resistant, while the P series offers full oil resistance, meaning they can filter both oily and non-oily particles. These categories are further divided into 95, 99, and 100, representing minimum filtration efficiencies of 95%, 99%, and 99.97%, respectively. In Europe, the EN standard is widely used, categorizing masks into FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3, with filtration efficiencies of 80%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. These European standards are suitable for both oily and non-oily particles.

In China, the national standard GB2626-2006 governs the production of protective masks. This standard divides masks into two main types: KN and KP. KN masks are designed for non-oily particles, while KP masks can handle both oily and non-oily particles. They are further classified into three levels—90, 95, and 100—representing minimum filtration efficiencies of 90%, 95%, and 99.97%. Overall, China's standards align closely with international ones in terms of performance and comfort.

To ensure safety and effectiveness, the State Administration of Work Safety Supervision and Administration requires all special labor protection articles, including masks, to be certified with the LA safety mark. This certification guarantees that the product meets the necessary safety and performance criteria.

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