With the rapid advancement of flexible electronics, wearable electronic devices are increasingly becoming part of our daily lives, offering convenience in health monitoring, communication, and entertainment. Flexible organic solar cells, with their lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient characteristics under indoor lighting, play a crucial role in powering these devices. By reducing the weight of energy supply components and extending battery life, they enhance the functionality of wearable tech. However, maintaining consistent performance under mechanical stress, such as stretching and bending, remains a challenge. Despite efforts to improve the mechanical stability of flexible organic solar cells, the exact factors causing performance degradation during bending are not yet fully understood.
A research team led by Ma Changqi at the Suzhou Institute of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made significant strides in addressing these issues. Known for their work on large-area transparent conductive electrodes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 20007276) and amorphous metal oxide interface modification techniques (J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 16889-1697; Adv. Mater, 2022, 34, 2110276), the group has achieved high-efficiency flexible organic solar cells. Recently, in collaboration with researcher Zhang Feng's team, they conducted a comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms behind performance degradation during bending and proposed strategies to enhance durability.
The study uncovered that the primary cause of performance loss during bending is the poor adhesion between the MoO3 hole transport layer and the organic photoactive layer, leading to MoO3 layer damage. To address this, researchers incorporated the thermoplastic elastomer SEBS at the interface between the organic active layer and the MoO3 hole transport layer. Mechanical property tests and stress field simulations indicated that the elastomeric material reduces the interface's elastic modulus, lessens stress on the top electrode, and strengthens interface bonding (Figure 1). This approach resulted in flexible large-area organic solar cells achieving an impressive efficiency of 16.15%. Even after 10,000 bends with a 5 mm radius, the device maintained over 90% of its initial efficiency (base thickness 125 μm). These findings represent some of the best bending stability performances for flexible organic solar cells (Figure 2), suggesting promising applications for enhancing the mechanical durability of such devices.
This research, titled "Thermoplastic Elastomer Enhanced Interface Adhesion and Bending Durability for Flexible Organic Solar Cells," has been published in npj Flexible Electronics. It was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Nanovacuum Internet Experimental Station of the Suzhou Institute of Nanometers.
[Figure 1 illustrates the impact of the SEBS interface bonding layer on adhesion and elastic modulus. Figure 2 highlights the performance and bending stability of SEBS as an interface bonding layer.]
The images provided further demonstrate the effectiveness of this innovative approach, showcasing how SEBS can significantly improve both the efficiency and longevity of flexible organic solar cells under mechanical stress. This breakthrough not only advances the field of flexible electronics but also paves the way for more durable and efficient wearable technologies in the future.
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