The cold storage industry in China is currently facing significant challenges and requires comprehensive reform. From a market demand perspective, the existing cold storage capacity in China is still far from sufficient. For comparison, the United States has 22 million tons of cold storage, which is approximately 3.3 billion cubic feet. In contrast, China only has about 9 million tons of cold storage. Despite this, China's cold chain demand is growing rapidly, with its cold storage needs expected to increase significantly in the coming years.
However, cold storage facilities are major energy consumers. One often overlooked factor is the impact of oil film on evaporator surfaces. Even a small increase of 0.1 mm in oil film can cause the evaporation temperature to drop by 2.5°C, increasing power consumption by as much as 11%. Similarly, the presence of scale or frost on the evaporator surface also leads to lower evaporation temperatures and higher energy usage.
Additionally, when the compression ratio is below 8 during low-temperature freezing or quick-freezing processes, single-stage refrigeration should be used first. However, once the evaporation pressure drops and the compression ratio exceeds 8, a two-stage refrigeration system should be implemented. Many cold storage facilities use two-stage compressors during startup, which unnecessarily increases energy consumption.
China has yet to establish a fully independent cold chain system, and the level of marketization remains relatively low. To improve this, frozen and refrigerated enterprises could transform into distribution centers for chain supermarkets, forming a collaborative model between refrigeration companies, supermarkets, and retail chains. This would help build a complete food refrigeration supply chain, ensuring that perishable and fresh products remain at low temperatures from production to the final consumer. This approach not only maintains food quality but also reduces waste and prevents spoilage and contamination.
It is clear that the cold storage industry must strengthen overall planning and coordination among different sectors. A more efficient and sustainable cold chain logistics system should be developed. At the same time, efforts must be made to avoid blind investments and redundant construction, ensuring the long-term healthy and stable development of China’s cold storage and frozen food industries.
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