The cold storage industry system requires comprehensive reform. From a market demand perspective, China's current cold storage capacity remains significantly inadequate. In the United States, there are 22 million tons of cold storage, equivalent to nearly 3.3 billion cubic feet. Meanwhile, China only has about 9 million tons of cold storage. Despite having five times the population of the U.S., China's cold storage infrastructure lags far behind. This highlights a huge future demand for cold storage in China.
However, cold storage facilities are major energy consumers. A rarely mentioned factor is that for every 0.1 mm increase in oil film on the evaporator surface, the evaporation temperature drops by 2.5°C, and power consumption increases by 11%. If the evaporator surface is covered with oil, scale, or frost, the evaporation temperature decreases further, leading to higher energy usage. This inefficiency not only raises operational costs but also affects the overall performance of the refrigeration system.
Additionally, when the compression ratio is below 8 after freezing in low-temperature warehouses or quick-freezing units, single-stage refrigeration should be used first. However, when the evaporation pressure drops and the compression ratio exceeds 8, a two-stage compression refrigeration system should be implemented. Many low-temperature systems start with two-stage compressors, which increases energy consumption. This can be optimized through better design and operation management.
China still lacks a fully independent cold chain system, and the level of marketization is relatively low. To improve this, frozen and refrigerated enterprises could be restructured to integrate into the distribution chains of supermarkets, forming a joint operation model between refrigeration companies, supermarkets, and chain businesses. Establishing a complete food refrigeration supply chain would ensure that perishable and fresh foods are kept at low temperatures from production to the consumer’s hands, maintaining quality and reducing food loss during storage and transportation.
It is believed that the cold storage industry must strengthen overall planning and coordination among relevant sectors to promote a harmonious development. At the same time, efforts should be made to build a more efficient cold chain logistics system. It is also important to avoid blind investments and repeated construction to ensure the sustainable and healthy growth of China's frozen and cold storage industry.
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