Occupational disease list of pneumoconiosis

1, silicosis

Pneumoconiosis caused by long-term excessive inhalation of rock dust containing crystalline free silica.
When mining, quarrying and quarrying, or excavating tunnels, workers engaged in rock drilling, blasting, etc., have more chances of getting in contact with dust; grinding materials such as rolling stone, smashing, manufacturing of glass, enamel and refractories, grinding and mixing in the foundry industry. Sand, molding, bricklaying, sandblasting, and sand cleaning are all opportunities for exposure to silica dust (commonly known as silica dust).

Prevention: The key to prevention of silicosis is prevention. The factories and mines throughout China have adopted comprehensive dust prevention measures such as wet operation, airtight dust sources, ventilation and dust removal, equipment maintenance and overhaul, and personal protection. Regular monitoring of dust concentration in the air and enhanced publicity and education have greatly reduced the incidence of silicosis. The onset of illness is prolonged and the progression of the disease is delayed.

2, coal workers pneumoconiosis

The lung-fibrosis-causing disease caused by long-term inhalation of a large amount of coal-mineral dust is referred to as coal-throat lung lung lung fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust (containing less than 5% free silica). More common in coal mining workers, coal workers, coal loaders. The miners' operations are frequently mobilized. There are not many miners who are actually exposed to pure coal dust. Most of them are exposed to coal-tank mixed dust.

Prevention: The key to controlling coal miners' pneumoconiosis is prevention. The factories and mines throughout China have adopted comprehensive dust prevention measures such as wet operation, closed dust sources, ventilation and dust removal, equipment maintenance and overhaul, plus personal protection, regular monitoring of dust concentration in the air and strengthening publicity and education, so that the incidence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis is greatly reduced. , prolonged illness onset, delayed progression of the disease.

All factories and mines should do a pre-employment physical examination for workers newly participating in dust operations, including X-ray chest radiographs. All those who have active pulmonary tuberculosis, various respiratory diseases (chronic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) should not be engaged in dust operations.

3, graphite pneumoconiosis

Can be divided into two categories: Graphite dust is caused by graphite dust with SiO2 content below 5%; graphite dust is caused by graphite dust with SiO2 content over 5%. The incidence of graphite pneumoconiosis is about 20 years. In graphite mining, crushing, flotation, drying, sifting and packaging processes; using graphite as raw material to manufacture all kinds of graphite products, such as tantalum, lubricants, electrodes, corrosion resistant pipes, etc.; use graphite as ingot coating Graphite pneumoconiosis can occur in the production process of compounding agent, mold coating, etc.

4, carbon black pneumoconiosis

Carbon black pneumoconiosis is a type of pneumoconiosis, an occupational disease caused by the long-term inhalation of higher concentrations of carbon black dust by workers who produce and use carbon black.

Workers in the furnace, recycling, separation chamber, processing, and packaging processes often contact carbon black dust, and these people are prone to carbon black pneumoconiosis.

5, asbestos lung

It is an occupational pneumoconiosis with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis as the main lesion caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestos mining, mineral processing, transportation workers, classification of asbestos processing plants, elastic cotton workers, insulation of asbestos products, insulation products, etc., can all occur due to long-term inhalation of asbestos dust and occupational asbestos lungs. The onset of illness is usually about 10 years.

Prevention: Reducing the concentration of asbestos dust is the basis for preventing pneumoconiosis in the workshop and on the construction site. Closed-machine equipment, equipped with ventilation dust removal equipment, and to prevent pollution of the surrounding environment due to ventilation. When mixing with other products and spinning, the fibers should be wetted in advance, which can effectively reduce dust production. Workers should change their clothes and wash them after work. It is forbidden to wear work clothes to leave the workplace and to prevent contamination of the family environment. Use less toxic substances instead of asbestos.

6, talc dust lung

The talc pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by long-term inhalation of talc dust and diffuse fibrosis. It is a silicate pneumoconiosis. Mainly seen in talc mining, processing, storage, transportation and use of workers, the incidence of onset of the general in more than 10 years, more than 20 to 30 years. The ability of talcum dust to cause disease is relatively low. After detachment from contact with dust, the disease may stop progressing or progress slowly, and individual progress is faster.

Prevention: The key to prevention of talc pneumoconiosis is to minimize the inhalation of harmful dust, as long as the measures are properly preventable.

1. Production companies improve engineering technology to eliminate or reduce dust;
2. To ensure personal protection and hygiene for high-risk groups;
3. Strengthen technical management and establish necessary dust prevention systems and equipment;
4. Regularly conduct health checks on high-risk groups and early detection of suspicious or confirmed patients so that measures can be taken to prevent and delay the development and deterioration of the disease.

7, cement pneumoconiosis

Cement pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by long-term inhalation of cement dust that causes diffuse fibrosis in the lungs. It is a silicate pneumoconiosis. Its onset is related to dust exposure time, dust concentration and dispersion, and individual's constitution. The general incidence of illness is more than 20 years and the shortest is 10 years.

8, mica pneumoconiosis

Producers can inhale mica dust for a long time and can cause mica pneumoconiosis. Workers engaged in the mining and processing of mica have access to mica dust. Classification of mica pneumoconiosis includes mica miners pneumoconiosis and mica processing workers pneumoconiosis. The main pathological changes of mica pneumoconiosis are mainly diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.

From mining to grinding into fine powder, mica dust and other silica dust are also exposed. The pneumoconiosis that occurs when such mixed mica dust is inhaled is called mica silicosis. Micaceous pneumoconiosis has a latency of 17-25 years. The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis is high.

9, Tao workers pneumoconiosis

Pottery pneumoconiosis refers to pneumoconiosis caused by contact with a certain amount of dust during the production process of the ceramic industry. Pottery pneumoconiosis occurs in the pottery industry.

Prevention: ceramic industry dust-proof firing ceramics through multiple processes, to develop appropriate dust-proof measures:

1. The dust generated during raw material processing is the most. The coarse crushing and smashing should be controlled by mechanical linkage and centralized control; the control zone should be isolated from the dust operation zone; and a closed hood or suction hood should be provided at the feeding port, unloading point and material operating point. Crude ore crushing process should be used wet operation, ore crushing, grinding, mixing, drying and other equipment should be provided with a closed hood and suction hood to prevent dust from escaping.
2. The molding process is relatively less dust, the main measure is to maintain the operating environment, clean equipment, minimize the mud after the compaction. Excess mud should be collected in the box, the drying equipment should be protected and cleaned, and the wet work should be used for the repair. Set the suction hood at the operating point during dry operation. Glazing sprays should be carried out in suction hoods and in fume hoods. The clear glaze is wet and the suction hood should be installed during the dry process. The clean billet should be provided with a suction hood, and the machine should be cleaned with air guns. It is forbidden to use the mouth to blow ash. Wet work for bonding and drilling of blanks. If dry work is required, install a suction hood. Blank body grinding wheel cutting, grinding, brush blank should be provided with suction hood.
3. Dustproofing: It is advisable to use a tunnel kiln or intermittent large-scale car kiln. The kiln that is manually operated in the kiln should be eliminated. During the billet loading operation, the staff should try to be on the upwind side of the mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation. The cushion must be used in the floor. It is strictly forbidden to use quartz powder or ash for cushioning. The green body to be burned is loaded into the crucible in a timely manner to avoid dust pollution; a suction hood is required for roasting the coal mouth, and the coal ash is cleaned and moistened with water.
4. Personal protection: Employees engaged in dust operations must wear dust masks, dustproof clothing, and dustproof caps that meet the hygiene standards. The employer must carry out occupational health checks before and during the job.

10, aluminum pneumoconiosis

Aluminum pneumoconiosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by long-term inhalation of metallic aluminum powder or alumina dust. In the production environment and process, long-term inhalation of aluminum powder or dust containing aluminum oxide, retained in the body for a long time, deposited in the lung tissue resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, known as aluminum pneumoconiosis. Aluminum is a silver-white light metal, widely used in aviation, building materials, aluminum smelting, production of aluminum powder and other operations; metal aluminum powder used in the manufacture of explosives, fire extinguishing agents, etc.; polycrystalline alumina melted by electric furnace can be made of abrasive Powder and abrasive tools. Workers in these industries can contact aluminum powder or aluminum oxide dust to cause aluminum dust pneumoconiosis.

11, welders pneumoconiosis

Welders pneumoconiosis workers suffer long-term inhalation of high-concentration welding fumes resulting in chronic lung fibrosis-based damage.

Prevention: Welder pneumoconiosis generally develops slowly and does not affect lifespan. It mainly controls complications and complications. The key to prevention of pneumoconiosis is prevention. China's factories and mines have adopted comprehensive dust prevention measures such as sealed dust sources, ventilation and dust removal, equipment maintenance and overhaul, plus personal protection, regular monitoring of dust concentration in the air and enhanced publicity and education, so that the incidence of pneumoconiosis is greatly reduced. Prolonged, delayed progression of the disease.

All factories and mines should do a pre-employment physical examination for workers newly participating in dust operations, including X-ray chest radiographs. Any person with active pulmonary tuberculosis, various respiratory diseases (chronic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) should not participate in dust work. Workers in the factory (mining) should make regular physical examinations, including chest X-rays. The interval between examinations is determined according to the concentration of dust in the air, once a year to two or three years. If there are suspected cases, they should be closely observed and regularly reviewed; if they are diagnosed as pneumoconiosis, they should be removed from the electric welding work industry, arranged for appropriate work based on labor ability appraisal, and undergo comprehensive treatment.

12, caster pneumoconiosis

The long-term inhalation of caster dust during occupational activities and retention in the lungs leads to systemic diseases that are mainly diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Caster dust refers to mixed dust such as clay, graphite, pulverized coal, limestone, and talc, which contain very low silica.

13, according to "pneumoconiosis diagnostic criteria" and "pneumoconiosis pathological diagnostic criteria" can be diagnosed in other pneumoconiosis.

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