Vegetable diseases are a common challenge for farmers, and effective control is essential to ensure healthy crops and high yields. Understanding the nature of pathogens and their transmission methods is key to managing these diseases. Today, we’ll explore how to use pesticides and other strategies more effectively to prevent and manage vegetable diseases.
First, root diseases transmitted through soil are among the most difficult to control. These diseases often affect plants like peppers, tomatoes, and cucumbers, especially when infected seedlings or contaminated irrigation water are involved. Before planting, it's crucial to disinfect the soil and seedling trays. Farmers can mix biological agents with compost to kill harmful pathogens, then add root-stimulating fertilizers like chitin and amino acids to promote root growth and enhance plant resilience. When using biological bacterial fertilizers in planting holes, avoid chemical treatments such as antibiotics or copper-based products, as they may harm beneficial bacteria. Instead, consider using agents like *Pseudomonas* or *Carbendazim*, which support microbial activity without disrupting the natural balance.
For stem diseases, early detection is vital. Diseases like pepper blight or cucumber blight often start on the stems, causing discoloration or oozing. To manage this, farmers should scrape affected areas and apply targeted treatments. Since stems absorb chemicals slowly, increasing the concentration of the pesticide can improve effectiveness. For example, 33.5% copper quinoline can be sprayed at a 750-fold dilution, while stem applications can be increased to 200–300 times. Powdered fungicides like thiophanate-methyl can be mixed into a paste and applied directly. In addition to treating the stems, foliar sprays should be used to prevent the spread of disease to leaves and other parts of the plant.
Airborne diseases, such as gray mold and downy mildew, are particularly challenging during winter in greenhouses. These diseases spread rapidly through spores carried by air, and high humidity accelerates their development. Controlling them is difficult once they take hold. Smoke agents offer an advantage in such situations, as they can cover all areas of the greenhouse without increasing humidity. However, smoke agents are better suited for prevention than treatment. Therefore, a combination of spraying and smoking is often recommended. For example, during the day, farmers can spray procymidone or iprodione, and at night, use procymidone or dimethomorph. Smoke treatments should be done when there's no wind and last about 6–8 hours. Smoke agents are especially useful for treating hard-to-reach areas like walls and columns.
By combining proper soil management, timely application of appropriate pesticides, and integrated pest management techniques, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of vegetable diseases. If you want to learn more about crop protection and disease control, visit the Chinese Pesticide Network for expert advice and up-to-date information.
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