Summary Everyone is thundering. January 21, Baotou, Inner Mongolia. At the moment when the teacup jumped and fell, Zhang Zhongyu rounded his eyes. The conversation with the reporter had just begun, and he couldn’t help but pat the table. The original anger should not be Zhang Zhong. He is the world's largest rare earth student...
Everyone is thundering. January 21, Baotou, Inner Mongolia. At the moment when the teacup jumped and fell, Zhang Zhongyu rounded his eyes. The conversation with the reporter had just begun, and he couldn’t help but pat the table.
The original anger should not be Zhang Zhong. He is the director and general manager of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Baotou Steel Rare Earth), the world's largest rare earth producer. The company he is commanding is playing a major role in the integration of light rare earth resources across the country. Leading role. The tough battle that began in 2007 has entered the state of white-blade warfare from the beginning. Today, all the rare earth upstream enterprises in Baotou Steel Group and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been fully compiled by them. The integration of “three-step†has been played to the middle plate.
Baotou is the center of the global light rare earth industry. Here, only a rare earth upstream enterprise is allowed to exist now and in the future. That is the Baotou Steel Rare Earth where Zhang Zhong is located.
This has led Baotou Steel's rare earth to be in the endless complaints and accusations of its peers for some time. From May 12, 2011, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government issued the “Rare Earth Upstream Enterprise Integration and Elimination Work Planâ€, and until the end of 2012, the “Integration and Restructuring Framework Agreement†was signed. 35 companies that were shut down and merged have never given up The fight down." Their emotions were out of control and they tried to express their dissatisfaction through all possible means. A Baotou private rare earth boss repeatedly broke into the government department's venue to protest, and he said, "All the family is here, how can you say it is off!"
The strong position of Baotou Steel's rare earths also caused dissatisfaction from local government departments. In view of the difficulties in integration, the Baotou City Economic and Information Committee has repeatedly requested Baotou Steel Rare Earth to strengthen communication with 35 companies and develop personalized solutions. However, it has not been adopted by Baotou Steel Rare Earth.
Zhang Zhong believes that the attitude of local government departments is quite incompatible with the strategy of integrating rare earths into “national chess gamesâ€, and even secretly encourages illegal expansion of certain enterprises. A Baotou rare earth separation enterprise listed in the shutdown list, “Darkness Chencangâ€, has recently increased its rare earth separation capacity from 3,000 tons to 8,000 tons, but it has not been stopped. Zhang Zhong said with indignation: "This is very serious, it is illegal." But this does not seem to receive sufficient attention from local governments.
The frequent involvement of central enterprises in recent years has become another wire that ignites Zhang Zhong’s anger. On June 7, 2011, Chinalco and five rare earth separation enterprises and a trading company that obtained the directive production plan indicators in Jiangsu Province jointly established Chinalco Rare Earth (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., with the intention of consolidating the rare earth pattern in Jiangsu Province. In Zhang Zhong’s view, this move is completely contrary to the will of the country to increase industrial concentration. “After this round of enclosures, China’s annual number of provinces with instructional production plans has changed from 7 to 10, and the number of enterprises has increased without increasing. The resulting overcapacity has contributed to the illegal rare earth raw materials. Pirates," he said.
On the highway from the Baiyun Obo mining area 180 kilometers north of Baotou to the Baotou Steel Rare Earth Separation Plant, the declining traffic volume is recording the fact that the price of rare earth has dropped sharply. On the other hand, the ever-increasing production costs and the rapidly shrinking market demand have caused almost all of the rare earth producers to be forced to stop production. In 2011, Baotou Steel Rare Earth, which made a big profit of 7 billion yuan, announced that its net profit for the fiscal year 2012 will fall by more than half year-on-year.
A person close to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is equally difficult to maintain calm. On January 28th, in the small office of Wanshou Road in Beijing, he said with uneasiness that these interest groups only care about killing you in the rare earth jungle, but few people noticed that the jungle is not far away and the desert is approaching.
Monnet integration
Baotou is the center of the rare earth jungle.
The tallest building in Inner Mongolia's “industrial largest city†is the China Rare Earth Building next to the Baotou Steel Rare Earth Building. In 1927, Chinese geologists first discovered the Bayan Obo iron ore mine, and the fate of Baotou began to change. For a long time in the past, China has produced more than 90% of the world's rare earths, and most of the world's rare earth products are sourced from the northern part of Baotou, the world's largest rare earth mine, with 62% of the world's industrial reserves.
Rare earth is not a soil, but a special material that is widely used in the manufacture of various high-tech products such as smart phones, LEDs, electric cars and spacecraft. It is worth noting that rare earths are also used to make a range of military equipment and weapons, including missiles.
In the past ten years, the demand for rare earths in the global market has surged, and the city of rare earth Baotou has become the biggest beneficiary. There are two intuitive features in Baotou City under the night: one is to uniformly plan the neon Chinese knots all over the city, and the other is to occupy the “Rare Earth†of a large number of advertising spots.
Baotou Steel Rare Earth gradually built a huge kingdom. In 1999, in accordance with the requirements of the central and autonomous regions in dealing with the rule of law, Baosteel Rare Earth led the formation of the Inner Mongolia Rare Earth Group, which unified management of rare earth mining and smelting and separation in the autonomous region.
In 2008, Baotou Steel Rare Earth Joint Subsidiary and Smelting Separation and Rare Earth Application Company related to Baotou Rare Earth Resources and Inner Mongolia High-tech Holdings Co., Ltd. jointly established Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth International Trading Co., Ltd. This is considered to be a major breakthrough in the control of trade and the right to speak in the market. It has essentially dominated the pattern of rare earth industry in Inner Mongolia and consolidated the city of the kingdom.
Baotou Steel Rare Earth has also become the star of the capital market. In 2011, Baotou Steel Rare's profit margin of nearly 70% (marketing income of 11.5 billion yuan, operating profit of 7.3 billion yuan) became the most profitable company in China in that year, leaving banks and central enterprises far behind.
However, the rare earth industry in Inner Mongolia is not a one-man show of Baotou Steel's rare earth. The City of Rare Earth has spawned countless rare earth plants in the past few decades. Just two years ago, there were more than 100 rare earth enterprises registered in Baotou, which did not include the surrounding Hohhot and Bayannaoer.
Some passers-by were the protagonists here. They use stealing and smuggling to sell such hot-selling goods on the international market to the world. “Dispersed, chaotic, small, and poor†is a long-standing ill disease in the rare earth industry in Inner Mongolia and even China, and the resulting waste of resources and environmental pollution are irreparable.
The city of rare earth faces a choice. Zhang Zhong told reporters that improving the concentration of industry to change this chaos is the original intention of the state and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government to promote the integration of the rare earth industry.
In 2007, Baotou Steel Group reorganized the internal rare earth enterprises and formed the listed company “Rare Earth High-Tech†as the carrier, Baotou (Baogang) Rare Earth Research Institute, Baotou Tianjiao Qingmei Rare Earth Polishing Powder Company, Zhongshan Tianjiao Rare Earth Materials Co., Ltd. and Baotou The company is mainly engaged in the rare earth industry of other rare earth mineral processing assets. The stock short name of the listed company was also changed to “Baogang Rare Earth†to achieve the overall listing.
At the same time, the state has intensified the unprecedented rare earth industry policy, speeding up the elimination of backward production capacity, combating illegal piracy and smuggling is the focus of this period. Zhang Zhong saw that the industrial concentration has increased and the disorderly competition in the market has decreased. The final result is to protect resources, protect the environment, and maintain prices. The implementation proves that the rare earth that used to be called “cabbage price†has gradually climbed since then.
Zhang Zhong recalled that in the years before 2011, the rare earth industry in Baotou was warm in color. "It was a honeymoon period."
Who is up and down?
The honeymoon period ends in May 2011.
In fact, the call to promote the integration of the rare earth industry and increase the concentration of the industry has long been known. From the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Development of Rare Earth Industry" and the "Special Plan for the Development of Rare Earth Industry" (2009~2015), it has already begun to take shape. At that time, the statement of "establishing two national-level rare earth groups in one South and one North" was very popular. . Previously, with the assistance of the autonomous regional government, the establishment of Baotou Rare Earth International Trade Co., Ltd. established its rare earth franchise in Inner Mongolia. It was also interpreted as the integration of Inner Mongolia's rare earth-dominated rare earth in Baotou. But the goal of adding a time limit at this time shows that "it is necessary to move the real thing."
On May 19, 2011, the State Council officially issued the “Several Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Rare Earth Industryâ€, namely “National Development No. 12 Documentâ€, which clearly stated in the development target part that “one to two years will be used to form a large-scale The corporate group is the dominant pattern of the rare earth industry." This is by far the most important document for the development of the rare earth industry at the national level, and it is also the beginning of a renewed industrial pattern.
Inner Mongolia has taken the lead in the sword a week ago. On May 12, the government of the autonomous region issued the “Work Plan for the Integration and Elimination of Rare Earth Upstream Enterprises in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region†(hereinafter referred to as the “Work Planâ€), claiming that 35 rare earth upstreams have been included in the integrated elimination scope of Hohhot, Baotou and Bayannaoer. Enterprises, with the restructuring of cooperation, compensation closure and phase-out of three ways to integrate, Baotou Steel Rare Earth will become the only enterprise approved to engage in rare earth upstream industry operations in Inner Mongolia.
This is almost the death sentence of some small and micro rare earth enterprises. According to the "Work Plan", the four enterprises with complete procedures are controlled by Baosteel Rare Earth by means of property rights integration. The 22 unsuccessful procedures are closed by Baotou Steel Rare Earth Funding Compensation. The remaining 9 companies that have no formalities are directly eliminated. The deadline is 50 days to complete the integration work by the end of June. The means include Baotou Steel Group holding the supply of raw materials, and the administrative departments of industry and commerce at all levels revoked the business license, and the power unit was shut down.
Dissatisfaction and the resistance associated with it quickly spread. The listed companies insisted that it is not legal to pronounce the “death penalty†on the grounds that the approval procedures for the project are not complete, and the compensation scheme that is too low is difficult to accept.
Yu Jianhua, 53, is the owner of one of the companies. In some reports, private entrepreneurs who claim to have worked in the rare earth industry for more than 30 years and have industrial ambitions, like angered lions, have no control over their emotions.
“Before the introduction of the plan, no one came to the factory to check the production capacity.†Yu Jianhua said that the relevant departments of Baotou City only led the team to the enterprise investigation in June, and did not even mention the shutdown.
What he has difficulty understanding is the standard of elimination. Yu Jianhua said that the enterprises listed on the elimination integration list along with his Baotou Huacheng Rare Earth Co., Ltd. were indeed not approved by the government, but all enterprises have been registered in the industrial and commercial sector, have been taxed for many years according to law, and have been in addition to the environmental protection department for many years. In addition to the replacement of the EIA procedures, no other departments have proposed re-issuing procedures. Nowadays, it is necessary to close it on the grounds that there is no project, and it is difficult to serve the public.
The compensation scheme was even more scorned. According to the "Working Plan", Baotou Xinyuan Rare Earth High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., which received the "shutdown judgment", can only get compensation of 4.5 million yuan, and the company angered that only the valuation of its fixed assets reached 50 million yuan; The total assets of Baotou Daomao Rare Earth Co., Ltd. are 200 million yuan, and the compensation is 14.1 million yuan. None of the 22 “compensation closed†companies expressed satisfaction.
Under the stalemate, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government amended the previous optimism. At the end of June of that year, the power outage was not implemented. By August, a number of Baotou Rare Earth industry insiders said that companies that had been forcibly shut down had resumed production.
Soon, the "Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Further Improving the Work of Integrating and Replacing Rare Earth Upstream Enterprises" stated that "the work of integrating the elimination of rare earth upstream enterprises has achieved phased results." However, it is emphasized that “more than half of the enterprises that have not been closed have seriously affected the overall progress of the integration and elimination of rare earth upstream enterprises in the regionâ€.
The "Notice" conveyed two important pieces of information: First, the government of the autonomous region is unshakable for promoting the integration and elimination; second, it will adjust the number of enterprises eliminated.
The resistance to the integration of the overall situation has gradually disappeared. In the nearly one year since then, the above 35 companies have rarely appeared in the spotlight of the media.
On the evening of December 27, 2012, Baotou Steel Rare Earth announced that the company had signed the “Rare Earth Upstream Enterprise Integration and Restructuring Framework Agreement†on the same day in Baotou and 12 rare earth upstream enterprises and shareholders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The “death list†of the company was changed to the integrated list. The "Framework Agreement" stipulated that 12 enterprises and their shareholders agreed to transfer the 51% equity of the company to the Baotou Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and the newly added 8 restructured enterprises exchanged the compensation for the survival.
Baotou Steel Rare Earth is the biggest winner. The signing of the "Framework Agreement" means that the Baotou Steel Rare Earth is absolutely franchised in Inner Mongolia.
But Zhang Zhong does not admit that he is the winner. He said that the superposition of capacity brought about by the restructuring is not the original intention of Baotou Steel Rare Earth. Even if it is not restructured, Baotou Steel Rare Earth has sufficient capacity to support the market demand. In fact, the sudden drop in demand has led to a sharp drop in rare earth prices. The Baotou Steel Rare Earth, which has been discontinued, is hard to be tempted by capacity expansion. These 12 companies look more like “not light burdensâ€.
The integration is far from over, and the confrontation is still taking place. The reporter found in Baotou that some enterprises that need to shut down are still resisting. Zhang Zhong disclosed that Baotou Huacheng Rare Earth Co., Ltd. has recently increased its rare earth separation capacity from 3,000 tons to 8,000 tons, but it has not been stopped. He believes that this kind of behavior "conforms the overall situation with the Mongolian rare earth, and even the national nuclear game's rare earth integration is in direct conflict." He is convinced that the company's expansion is supported by some people. "This kind of aggressive behavior has occurred in Baotou, which is shocking." Zhang Zhong said.
A person from the rare earth industry in Inner Mongolia confirmed Zhang Zhong’s statement to the reporter and said that the relevant departments had supervised the investigation of the factory in Jianhua, but the result was unknown.
Sichuan rare earth suspense
The strong Baotou Steel Rare Earth is not afraid of the resistance from the city of rare earth. The challenge before Zhang Zhong comes from the South.
Chess to the middle of the plate can often reach the real difficulty. According to the “three-step†integration plan given by Baotou Steel Rare Earth, the next step will be “to achieve full integration of the main light rare earth resources in northern China, and finally form a North-South linkageâ€.
The Baotou Steel Rare Earth has been “swallowing†the rare earth resources of Gansu, Shandong and Sichuan to form the “Northern China Rare Earth Group†concept. At the end of last year, it signed a restructuring framework agreement with 12 enterprises in the autonomous region, facing the swarming media. Zhang Zhong can't wait to paint this blueprint.
Gansu and Shandong are not difficult. In Zhang Zhong's view, due to the relatively close cooperation with Gansu, and the high cost of mining rare earth mines in Shandong, it still needs to rely on the resources of Baotou. The Baotou Steel Rare Earth should have full grasp of these two provinces.
But Sichuan is a tough bone. The Suining and Xichang areas in the Panxi area extend to Dechang and other places, forming a rare earth resource belt of nearly 300 kilometers north and south in the western part of Sichuan Province. Its rare earth mineral resources reserves rank second only to Baotou. Moreover, Sichuan rare earth minerals are coarse and coarse, with single components, few impurities, easy to select and easy to smelt; short process required and low investment, and enjoy the praise of “the second in reserves and the first in quality nationwide†among experts. At the same time, the relevant resources needed to develop rare earths are also unique. Sichuan has abundant hydropower resources and developed salt chemical industry, and its relative cost is relatively low, which can provide low-cost raw materials and energy for rare earth production.
Sitting on the resources and relying on the superior supporting environment, all stakeholders can not resist the temptation.
Sichuan is already in action. On April 28, 2007, Suining County proposed to evaluate and clear the capital of 8 existing rare earth mining enterprises and 12 washing enterprises in Maoniuping before the end of November 2007. The government will buy out or fold into shares. Investing in shares, and then introducing a large enterprise with economic strength and technical capabilities to mine, wash and process.
On June 19, 2008, China Minmetals Corporation, which once played a leading role in Sichuan's rare earth integration drama, unexpectedly withdrew. Jiangtong Group, controlled by Jiangxi Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, finally obtained the Miniuping rare earth mine mining in Suining County at a price of 430 million yuan. right. According to people familiar with the matter, Baotou Steel Rare Earth has also appeared on the scene, but failed to gain.
Liu Hanlong, the mysterious mining tycoon of China, has not missed the Sichuan rare earth competition. The Sichuan Hanlong Group he controlled has become the dominant player in various metal resources worldwide. In October 2011, Hanlong Group teamed up with Leshan Sheng and Rare Earth Company and Sichuan Geology and Minerals Company to sign a framework agreement for the integration and reorganization of Sichuan rare earth industry to form a state-owned large-scale rare earth enterprise. According to the plan, the newly established company will become one of the largest companies in the rare earth industry in Sichuan, with an annual output value of 3 billion to 5 billion yuan.
Relevant persons of the Sichuan Provincial Economic and Information Committee have publicly stated that Sichuan is trying to integrate two or three state-owned enterprises in the next few years by integrating the production capacity of rare earth resources to dominate the pattern of Sichuan's rare earth upstream industry development. Some experts have suggested that Sichuan Province set up a rare earth trade “super company†and hand over all the rare earth products in its jurisdiction to the company for external sales, but ultimately failed to make it.
Recently, the pattern of rare earths in Sichuan has changed abruptly. On January 8, 2013, Taiyuan Gongtian Technology Co., Ltd., located in Shanxi, announced the purchase of 99.9999% equity of Sichuan Leshan Shenghe Rare Earth Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenghe Rare Earth).
The hidden meaning behind this merger is amazing. *ST Tiancheng, which originally focused on intelligent electronic products, first changed its controlling shareholder by selling its own equity, and then purchased Shenghe Rare in the form of non-public offering of shares. The two new shareholders of *ST Tiancheng, the Institute of Minerals Comprehensive Utilization of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and the actual controller of China Huarong Asset Management Co., Ltd. are the Ministry of Finance. That is to say, after the asset reorganization, *ST Tiancheng became a Sichuan rare earth enterprise directly under the Ministry of Land and Resources and controlled by the Ministry of Finance.
A number of analysts said that behind the rapid development of a series of actions by Shenghe Rare, it is preparing for the integration of Sichuan Rare Earth Group. The question is, how does the inconspicuous Sheng and rare earth transform into the main force of Sichuan rare earth integration? In the face of the Jiangtong Group, which has a long-term momentum and holds the resources of Sichuan rare earth minerals, will Shenghe Rare Earth cooperate with it or stand up against it?
The promotion of local governments and the participation of central enterprises and other capitals has become the mainstream tone of the integration of rare earth resources in the southern provinces in the past two years.
In May last year, the Guangdong Provincial Government officially issued the “Opinions on Promoting the Integration of Rare Earths in Our Provinceâ€, and proposed a timetable for the integration of rare earth resources and rare earth industrial chains in Guangdong Province. Fujian Rare Earth Group has also been formally established. The province's rare earth key enterprise Xiamen Tungsten has transferred 33.6% of its shares to Fujian Rare Earth Group for free. At the same time, the old rare earth producing area of ​​Jiangxi, as well as Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan, have set up provincial-level rare earth groups in the calendar.
In the whole process, the central enterprises are now hidden. In mid-2011, as one of the leading central enterprises in the integration, Chinalco acquired five rare earth enterprises in Jiangsu. The company's press release disclosed that Chinalco has formed a technology research and development base based on China Rare Earth New Materials Co., Ltd. based on China Rare Earth Rare Earth Co., Ltd., based on Guangxi and Guangdong. The industrial layout of the separation and smelting base based on four separate enterprises in Jiangsu.
In addition, Minmetals Group and China Nonferrous Metals are also actively deployed in the integration of rare earths. In August 2011, Sinosteel Research Group disclosed that it had increased its capital to support Shandong Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine and became the fourth state-owned enterprise to participate in rare earths after China Aluminum, Minmetals Group and China Nonferrous Metals.
For the integration of rare earths in the South, Zhang Zhong is not willing to talk more. "But just watching Sichuan, which is in the midst of a chaotic battle, is enough for TV stations to produce a one-month serial," he said. He knew that a more difficult battle was waiting for him.
National will
But what Zhang Zhongyu has to face now is how to draw a staged semicolon for the integration in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
It is undeniable that Baotou Steel Rare Earth has been at the forefront of the national rare earth industry integration. But the fierce controversy has never subsided, especially with regard to private enterprises that have been shut down.
"In the integration, for a good private enterprise, it should not be closed, so it is impossible to solve the problem." Some observers suggested that the integration and elimination of the rare earth industry should establish a market-based exit mechanism.
A more acute view is directed at the integration itself, and it is debatable that local governments have authorized a state-owned enterprise to monopolize rare earth production. "Supporting a single enterprise is not the best way to solve problems. Monopoly may lead to rent-seeking. It should support at least one other outstanding private enterprise to become stronger and bigger, and compete with Baotou Steel. Only competition can promote market development."
But there are also supporters. Energy expert Lin Boqiang believes that rare earth is in China, just like iron ore in Australia. It is not surprising that the resource-based enterprises have the government's figure, and the action of the rare earth integration with the government's dominance will be more rapid. Although it has its drawbacks, the current situation is forced, and government leadership is the best choice.
Zhang Zhong said frankly that he could understand the helplessness of some enterprises that were shut down and reorganized. But he said, "Going to this step requires some price."
Zhang Zhong's explanation is that this round of rare earth reorganization and integration is not only the closure and simple merger of rare earth enterprises, but also the strategic decision made in response to the shortage of China's rare earth industry chain and the lack of rare earth technology innovation. The core is to give play to the scale benefits of Baotou Steel's rare earth group, improve the technical level, expand the rare earth industry chain, and improve the competitiveness of China's rare earths in essence is the ultimate goal.
At present, no matter the two old rare earth production bases in Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia, or the emerging rare earth producing areas in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Shandong and Yunnan, they can all produce a rare earth industry blueprint with a scale of hundreds of billions. And the content is similar.
This stems from the GDP economics of local governments. A noteworthy reality is that these rare earth resources are not developed cities, and the mountains and Gobi where they are located have previously worn poverty hats. Seeking your own development does not seem to be unreasonable. A local Sichuan official asked the investigators who tried to persuade the local rare earth mines to be speechless with a phrase "I want to develop a local economy."
The local government's consideration of its own interests is logical. As an industry, rare earths, especially the prospects for development that are widely cited in the downstream, have achieved remarkable results in local fiscal revenues, GDP growth, and employment. But obviously, this is not the original intention of industrial integration.
The layout and expansion of central enterprises, local large-scale state-owned enterprises, and local governments attempted to establish a provincial-level rare earth group to seek integration. This led to the situation that the overcapacity of rare earths has intensified, and the number of Chinese rare earth enterprises has not diminished in the voice of integration. The increase, but the concentration of enterprises has not been improved, but some of the backward SMEs and some illegal non-compliant enterprises that have been eliminated by the market have become the targets of the acquisition, and the expansion of capital injection and capacity has been illegally changed after being acquired. "From the guerrillas to the regular army."
Zhang Zhong said that at present, the integration of rare earths in the country is very difficult. The core of the problem is still the distribution of benefits. "How can we ensure that some people are concentrated to mine and separate, and the resulting benefits can also be shared by all the places that have the resources? It is the most urgent to get the dividends of the industry in areas where the resources are protected or the enterprises are closed. Proposition."
Zhang Zhong believes that in the integration of rare earths, local governments, central enterprises, local state-owned enterprises and private capital are all stakeholders. At this time, it is especially necessary for the national ministries to lead the integration direction and even formulate specific measures. "In the rare earth industry where the interests of stakeholders are intertwined, if they are all adjusted by the market mechanism, it will only get worse and worse. The main guides of integration should have a big pattern and break the interests of the regions, enterprises, industries and other sectors. In terms of specific measures, he suggested that the transfer of profits and taxes in rare earth producing areas to non-production areas through subsidies is not a path that can be tried.
The external environment of rare earth integration is not calm. Some foreign media said that the "China's control of the rationality of rare earths" said that a group of experts of the World Trade Organization had ruled that China's export control of eight other industrial raw materials violated regulations. The political significance of the latest lawsuit is that the world feels anxious after realizing that they have “give†most of the rare earth mining activities to China. But in fact, China's scattered and disorderly rare earth industry has no right to speak in the global market, at least China has not benefited.
In the early spring, Baotou’s head was bleak. Zhang Zhong said that he had expected that the next road would be a hundred times more difficult than before, but all the arrows on the string of steel rare earth have been ready to go.
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