On some models of submarines and military fighters, giant alkaline batteries that weigh approximately 14 tons and can work continuously for up to 12 years are used as an electrochemical energy source. Each device uses 7 tons of pure silver plates. These plates are used up in energy to enter a refinery (industrial processing of precious metals), where they are purified and prepared for reuse.
An innovative cascade method for purifying silver from spent batteries used in submarines and military aircraft has been developed. This method ensures that the pure precious metals extracted from one battery can be reused for the manufacture of new batteries.
Scientists at the MISIS Nonferrous Metals and Gold Department of the Russian National University of Science and Technology have jointly developed this technology with the JSC "Shchelkovo Second Precious Metal Factory" to enable recycling of previously unrecyclable waste.
Generally, the recycling of such heavy "strategic" batteries falls under the category of national defense orders in 100% of cases, because the recycled silver is used to produce new batteries for the Russian Navy. However, in the past decade, local silver-zinc battery manufacturers have added 10-15% lead. This reduces the cost and does not affect the performance of the product, but it almost completely hinders the subsequent battery recycling process.
In order to solve the problem of extracting lead from silver, scientists have developed a new technical solution to deal with lead-containing silver-zinc batteries.
A two-step method is used to melt silver to remove lead, and an industrial product with a purity of 99.99% is obtained from a raw material containing 85% silver. This pure product meets all GOSTs (national standards) and is suitable for the manufacture of new batteries.
At present, the technology has been successfully applied to one of the domestic oil refining companies-JSC "Shchelkovo Second Precious Metal Factory". According to eurokalert.org, in order to achieve this goal, no additional equipment is required, only a low-cost high-speed melt cooling device needs to be installed.
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