According to foreign media reports, a new study conducted by researchers at the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) in Japan showed that in solid electrolytes, commercial silicon nanoparticles were prepared by spray deposition, and then only made of such silicon nanoparticles The silicon anode shows excellent electrode performance, and previously only the thin film electrode prepared by the evaporation method showed such excellent performance. This method is a very cost-effective atmospheric technology, and the results of this study indicate that it is possible to produce high-capacity anodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries on a large scale and at low cost.
(Source: National Institute of Materials Science, Japan)
In theory, the capacity of silicon is about 4,200 mAh / g, which is about 11 times the anode active material commonly used in commercial lithium-ion batteries-graphite. Replacing traditional graphite with silicon can greatly extend the cruising range of electric vehicles. However, during lithiation and delithiation (battery charging and discharging process), the volume of silicon will change dramatically (approximately 3 times), which prevents its practical application in batteries.
In traditional liquid electrolytes, it is necessary to use polymer binders to bind the active material particles in the electrode together and allow them to adhere to the metal current collector. Continuous changes in the volume of silicon will cause the particles to detach, resulting in the loss of active substances, which in turn leads to continuous loss of capacity. In solid-state batteries, the active material is placed between two solid-state components, that is, between the solid electrolyte separator and the metal current collector. In fact, as the NIMS researchers said, the actual area capacity of the sputter-deposited pure silicon film exceeds 2.2 mAh / cm2, showing good cycle stability and high-rate discharge capability in the solid electrolyte. Nonetheless, achieving low-cost, industrially scalable synthetic anodes in all-solid-state lithium batteries remains a huge challenge.
The NIMS research team has adopted another synthesis method to achieve high-performance anodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries made from commercial silicon nanoparticles. The researchers found that nanoparticles in solid-state batteries have a unique phenomenon: after lithiation, in the limited space between the solid electrolyte separator and the metal current collector, the volume of nanoparticles will expand, the structure will be compacted, It will also accumulate significantly, similar to nanoparticles prepared by evaporation. Therefore, the nanoparticles prepared by the spray deposition method for the anode will show excellent electrode performance. Previously, this excellent performance was only found in the thin film electrode made by the sputtering deposition method. Spray deposition method is a cost-effective atmospheric technology that can achieve mass production. Therefore, such findings can pave the way for mass production of high-capacity anodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries at low cost.
In order to meet the requirements of electric vehicles, NIMS researchers continue to work hard to improve the cycling capacity of the anode. (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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