Editor's Note: According to the development characteristics of the abrasives industry, combined with the modern abrasives and abrasives enterprises in China, in the aspects of high-quality production technology, modern marketing strategy, modern integrated manufacturing technology, corporate culture construction, information construction, environmental protection and labor safety. Socialized demand, as well as the social economic capabilities and needs of different levels in China, explored the development strategy of modern abrasives production in China, with a view to making China's abrasive abrasives production countries become a strong abrasive abrasive production country as soon as possible.
I. Overview of the development of abrasive abrasive industry
1. Abrasives abrasive product classification and characteristics
The grinding tool is referred to as the abrasive tool. The grinding machine has three series of fixed abrasive tools, coated abrasive tools and super hard abrasive tools, each with its own characteristics, independent existence and different strengths. Consolidated Abrasives A fixed abrasive is a tool with a certain shape and certain grinding ability made of abrasive (grinding material) and bonding agent. Examples of markings for bonded abrasives: Shape size Abrasive grain size Bonding agent Hardness structure 35M/SGB/T2485 Shape code 300×50×75 Abrasive type Abrasive grain size Bonding agent Abrasive hardness Organization number Maximum working speed Abrasives Technical conditions No. In addition to the highest working speed and the standard number of the abrasive technical conditions, the rest are characterized by a fixed abrasive. Abrasive grain size refers to the thickness of the abrasive. The abrasives of the bonded abrasives adopt the following series of standards. These seven characteristics are based on the provisions of the 1998 National Machinery Abrasives Standardization Technical Committee. The hardness here refers to the strength of the bonding abrasive under the external force, and the bonding agent and the abrasive are combined. According to the thickness of the particle size, the sand blasting hardness tester and the Rockwell hardness are respectively used. Hardness is super soft (super soft 1, super soft 2), soft (soft 1, soft 2), medium soft (medium soft 1, medium soft 2), medium (medium 1, medium 2), medium hard (medium hard 1, medium hard 2, medium hard 3), hard (hard 1, hard 2), super hard (super hard 1, super hard 2) and other 7 major levels a total of 15 small. The binder refers to a material in which various binders in the bonded abrasive tool are bonded to the abrasive. Consolidated abrasives usually use four major types of binders: ceramic, resin, rubber, and diamond. These four types of binders have the largest proportion of ceramic bond abrasives. The main materials of ceramic bond are clay, feldspar, loess, quartz and other ceramic binders according to different abrasives, different uses and different methods (casting or pressing). The resin binder is mainly a phenolic type resin, which is divided into two types of powdery resin and liquid resin, and is also classified into various resin binders according to different manufacturing methods and different uses. The rubber bonding agent is currently divided into three types: artificial styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium butyl rubber and liquid rubber. It is divided into various rubber binders according to the different methods and applications. The main materials of rhombohedral binder are composed of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride, which are mainly used for fine-grained abrasives for fine processing. The codes of various binders are as follows: binder name binder code ceramic binder V resin binder B rubber binder R diamond bitumin binder Mg (3) organization: tissue refers to the volume occupied by the abrasive in the fixed abrasive , expressed in weight% ratio. Usually the organization does not show in the abrasive article mark, and when the formula is made at the time of manufacture, the self-control is expressed by Arabic numerals, that is, the smaller the number, the looser the tissue, that is, the less the ratio of the abrasive in the fixed abrasive tool, the larger the number The tighter the tissue, the greater the ratio of abrasive particles. Usually the organization number is from 0-12 for a total of 13 organization numbers.
Coated abrasive coated abrasive refers to an abrasive that adheres an abrasive to a flexible substrate, also known as a flexible abrasive. Coated abrasives have nine characteristics: substrate type - substrate treatment - abrasive type - abrasive particle size - sand density - binder type - bond strength - shape - size.
Superhard abrasives are hardeners made of diamond or cubic boron nitride superabrasives. They are another series of abrasives. Superhard abrasives have the following characteristics and markings: concentration, binder, particle size, abrasive grade, thickness of abrasive layer, pore size, total thickness, diameter, shape code, and other features and markings are in accordance with the 1998 National Abrasives Standardization Technology. The Commission prepares the provisions of each of the Chinese Machinery Industry Standards published by the Chinese Publishing House. The concentration: is substantially the same as the number of the consolidated abrasives, but should be indicated in the signs of superhard abrasives. The so-called concentration refers to the number of grams of superhard abrasive contained in the volume of the superhard abrasive per cm3, expressed in %. The concentration code is as follows: code abrasive content (g/cm3) concentration 250.2225% 500.4450% 750.6675% 1000.88100%1 501.32150% About binder: refers to the type of binder used in superhard abrasives. The binder code is as follows: binder binding agent code resin binder B metal binder M ceramic binder V.
2. Brief history of abrasive abrasive industry development
New China's abrasives industry started from scratch, from scratch, from small to large. After more than half a century of self-reliance and hard work, gradually established a relatively independent and complete development, manufacturing and testing system for abrasives. Especially in the more than ten years after the reform and opening up, it has achieved rapid development. In the 1990s, the gap between China's abrasives industry and the world's advanced level has been greatly reduced. However, due to the rapid development of world material technology, mechanical processing technology and technology, and scientific research methods, at the turn of the century, the foreign abrasives industry has developed rapidly, and new technologies, new products, and new processes have emerged; During the period, China's abrasives industry is in the stage of industrial management system reform, enterprise transformation and transformation, and industrial organization structure adjustment. The original industrial layout has been disrupted, new market order is being explored, and industry development and technological progress are stagnating. The state has caused the gap that has been narrowed to be rapidly widened.
In the planned economy period, China's abrasives industry is based on the seven grinding wheel factories affiliated to the former Ministry of Machinery Industry, and is supplemented by local grinding wheel factories owned by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government to form an abrasive grinding tool manufacturing system. Now, after 30 years of reform and opening up, the market test, resource integration, mergers and acquisitions, the original seven subordinate enterprises in addition to the Shandong Luxin High-tech Industrial Co., Ltd. established on the basis of the former fourth wheel factory, several other companies Basically in a state of stagnation or very difficult operation, its first grinding wheel factory in Shenyang has already gone bankrupt; the second grinding wheel factory of the country has also become a listed company. The company’s registered name is “White Dove Co., Ltd.†and has now been broken down into Several small enterprises have faced difficulties in their operation; after the third grinding wheel factory and the sixth grinding wheel factory were merged into the seventh grinding wheel factory, they failed to solve their development problems, and they were divided into several groups, and the Qisha Group also faced bankruptcy. The production and operation part has also been broken down into several small enterprises, which are difficult to operate with the advantages of resources (mainly electricity prices and raw materials); while the fifth grinding wheel factory mainly produces silicon carbon rod products, which basically do not belong to abrasive tools. The scope of the industry. After the reform and opening up, a large number of private abrasives manufacturing enterprises have emerged in China. Although there are many excellent enterprises that promote the development of the industry and technological progress, a large number of private enterprises rely only on their flexible operating mechanisms and rely on their original state-owned enterprises. The skilled workers who are “digging†by the leading factories are carrying out the relatively simple low-grade product repetitive production and the vicious low-price competition, so that the abrasives industry in China is still at a relatively low level in general, the technical content and additionality of the products. The value is relatively low. Even the abrasive products with large export volume are often provided with cheap raw materials for foreign advanced abrasive manufacturing enterprises by virtue of cheap resources and labor advantages. At present, only Luxin Gaoxin relies on the next effort to improve its independent innovation capability. After six years of hard work, it has finally emerged from the predicament and has great potential for development.
3, the development trend of abrasives and abrasives enterprises
At present, the development orientation of the world economy and the regional economic structure are undergoing tremendous changes. Driven by economic globalization, China's national modernization and the process of world economic integration are accelerating, the country's overall technical level and national quality are improving, and the country's comprehensive strength is rapidly increasing. In order to adapt to the opportunities and challenges brought about by the integration of the world economy and the expansion of domestic demand, the enterprises of abrasives and abrasives in China have rapidly developed their restructuring, restructuring, reform, transformation and product structure, and the degree of internationalization has increased dramatically. .
In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's abrasives and abrasives production enterprises have made great progress, and gradually formed an abrasive abrasive production system with complete product range and certain comprehensive strength. It has formed a high-end abrasives manufacturing enterprise mainly based on multinational corporations and joint ventures and a small number of domestic companies. It is a large-scale state-owned and partially state-owned large and medium-sized enterprise, and a large-scale private and characteristic private enterprise that has developed rapidly in recent years. The main medium and high-end abrasives manufacturing enterprises, and the production of medium and low-end abrasives manufacturing enterprises based on small and medium-sized private enterprises. At present, the annual annual abrasive production capacity of the country has a considerable scale, and most of the product areas have excess production capacity. Generally speaking, in the past half century, the production of abrasives and abrasives in China has been greatly developed, but there is still a certain gap compared with the advanced ones of the world's top abrasives.
(1) There is still a certain gap between the overall process and equipment level. After years of development in China's abrasives and abrasives production enterprises, the equipment level of some key enterprises has been greatly improved, and some of the processes and equipment levels have reached the first-class modernization level in line with international standards, but the overall overall process and equipment level and international abrasive grinding. There is still a certain gap compared with advanced enterprises, especially in the production process, automation and equipment and information integration of the whole plant.
(2) In the past, international competitiveness was mainly due to low-tech products with low added value, while the core large-scale and high-tech products were still relatively low in competitiveness. Especially fixed abrasive products. However, in recent years, the situation has changed a lot. In some areas of abrasives, some high-quality products in China have been supplied to domestic and foreign markets.
(3) Low output efficiency. The value-added rate of advanced state abrasives manufacturers is generally between 50% and 150%, and the lowest is also over 30%. China's abrasives manufacturers only have 5-20%, a big gap. The labor productivity gap is even greater. Most enterprises in China have only 50,000-300,000 yuan/person, which is only 10-15% of foreign advanced enterprises. Low economic returns.
(4) In the product technology, high-end product performance and new product research and development of abrasive tools, there is still a considerable gap with the advanced level of foreign countries.
(5) The ability of enterprises to respond quickly to the market is poor. The average development cycle of new abrasive products in China is 18 months, and the product life cycle is 10-15 years. The foreign countries have achieved "three threes", that is, the product life cycle is 3 years, the product trial cycle is 3 months, and the product design cycle is 3 weeks.
(6) The scale structure of the enterprise is unreasonable. From the perspective of industrial organization structure, the scale combination of China's abrasives manufacturing enterprises is extremely unreasonable, large enterprises are big but not strong, industrial belts are not very useful, small enterprises are small and not specialized, and cooperation ability is poor, and enterprises are caught in market competition. Glued state. In particular, the strength of large-scale enterprises cannot achieve large-scale operation and group operation, and it is difficult to compete with foreign companies and multinational companies.
Generally speaking, China's abrasives industry has more than 1,200 enterprises. In 2007, the total industrial output value reached 61.45 billion yuan, an increase of 40.3% over 2006. The sales income reached 60.48 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 40.2%. In a period of rapid growth. However, due to the weak independent research and development capabilities of products, the entry threshold is low. In recent years, it has been developing and expanding on the basis of imitation and plagiarism. Inefficient consumption consumes a lot of precious resources and energy, which is still relatively large compared with the international advanced level. The gap is mainly reflected in: 1 high-tech products can not meet market demand, relying on imports; low-end general-purpose products have structural excess, resulting in backlog, default on goods and price wars. 2 The production capacity of the whole industry has reached a certain scale, but the actual production capacity is relatively scattered, the scale of the enterprise is small, and the economic benefits are poor. 3 The technology development capability is weak, the products and technologies with own intellectual property rights are few, and the initiative to develop products is not mastered. 4 The product variety is small, the technical content is low, and the manufacturing process data lacks strict experimental demonstration, which cannot maintain the continuous quality stability of the product. 5 Abrasives industry domestic brand name gold content is low, less international brands.
At present, the production capacity of ordinary abrasives in China is about 1.8 million tons. In 2007, the export was 1.11 million tons, with an average of 484 US dollars/ton; the import was 90,000 tons, with an average of 750 US dollars/ton. In the world industrial structure, the country has become a major exporter of brown fused alumina and silicon carbide. At present, the country has begun to implement active industrial policies, fiscal and taxation policies, and improve the use of resources and energy costs to limit the development of high-energy, high-polluting ordinary abrasives based on brown fused alumina and silicon carbide.
4. Abrasives industry development environment
(1) The inevitable outcome of industrialized countries
Abrasives as an indispensable and alternative processing tool in the fields of manufacturing, oil exploitation, mineral exploration, material processing, etc., as the "teeth" of the industry, with the economic development of a country, basically alleviating the bottleneck of the basic industry After the restrictions, it will be committed to driving and promoting the development of leading industries such as manufacturing, oil exploration, mineral exploration, and material processing. Today's world's industrial powers are all powerful countries in the above fields. China must take the road of rich countries and strong countries, and vigorously develop the above industries is also an inevitable choice. This will bring great development opportunities for the development of abrasives.
(2) The general trend of economic globalization
The cross-regional production and management is also reflected in the cross-region of social consumption. The impact of this trend on our economy should be comprehensively and deeply understood. International abrasives and multinational companies have entered China, bringing capital, advanced technology, management experience and new business ideas to inject vitality into the Chinese economy. In the past two years, with China's accession to the WTO, there have been some new phenomena in foreign cooperation. For example, the introduction of technology negotiations has become more difficult; the proportion of newly established foreign-funded enterprises that are wholly-owned or absolutely controlled has increased significantly. These phenomena are all related to the current changes in the domestic and foreign economic situation and should be brought to the attention as soon as possible. Therefore, due to the differences in economic interests, management strength, political beliefs and ideology and culture between the two sides, in the process of integrating China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturing enterprises with the international economy, there are opportunities and risks brought by cooperation. Domestic enterprises We must keep a clear head and pursue development with the good intention of common development.
The global integration of product and service sales has a considerable impact on China's abrasives manufacturing enterprises, which have relatively low overall market competitiveness. The internationalization of the domestic market may cause China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers to lose part of the domestic market share. Of course, the domesticization of the international market also makes it easier for domestic enterprises to enter the international market. The premise is that domestic enterprises should cultivate their own initiative to use two markets and two resources. The awareness of accurately positioning Chinese products in the international market, opening up new markets and developing new products while maintaining low prices.
(3) High-tech transformation and sustainable development
The development of economies in various countries is increasingly focused on improving the level of science and technology. The competition in the market is mainly reflected in the competition of product technology level. At present, several famous enterprises in the world of abrasives and abrasives are following different paths in accordance with their own development concepts. The development pays more attention to the high starting point of product technology and the high return of marketing, and strives to jump out of the competition circle of low- and medium-priced products. France, the United States, Austria, Japan and other countries continue to promote the overall quality of the abrasives manufacturing industry, so its international market competitiveness is still not reduced. The rising stars, represented by South Korea and Taiwan, strive to adjust the industrial organization structure, optimize the combination, and adapt to the challenges of the new situation as soon as possible. In contrast, the structural framework of China's abrasive abrasive manufacturing enterprises in China is still very scattered, the operating mechanism is still not enough, and the scientific and technological content and scientific research potential of production and operation are insufficient. Therefore, under this background, the development of China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers is first of all to improve their quality in an all-round way, to absorb the technological achievements at home and abroad, to give full play to the advantages of high-tech and to promote industrial upgrading.
(4) Economic system reform
At present, a series of supporting reforms have been launched in sequence, creating an unprecedented favorable environment for China's abrasives manufacturing enterprise system reform, industrial restructuring and training of research and development capabilities.
(5), the domestic demand market is huge
The production capacity of abrasives and abrasives in the world has been oversupplied, and the occupation of the market among industries and companies among countries has become more intense. The huge domestic market demand is to vigorously develop fertile ground for the production of abrasives in China. The state implemented the strategy of developing the western region, the rise of the central region, and the Haixi Economic Zone, strengthening urbanization, building a large number of key projects such as the West-East Gas Pipeline, the West-East Power Transmission, the South-to-North Water Transfer, the Plateau Railway and the High-speed Railway, and increasing the tradition. The transformation of the industry, such a large-scale construction has been experienced in developed countries, and it is difficult for most developing countries to do. China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers should fully seize this historical opportunity and achieve great development.
(6), stimulating domestic demand policy and top ten industrial policies
In the equipment industry revitalization plan, high-grade abrasives are the content of its revitalization and development, which provides convenience for abrasive abrasives manufacturers to make full use of domestic technical resources, capital resources and market resources, so that abrasives manufacturers can A higher starting point will enhance the technical level of the industry and enhance the market competitiveness of the products. At the same time, it will prompt the government and enterprises to accelerate and increase the pace and intensity of various reforms.
In addition, the implementation of China's new energy policy and the rapid development of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic industry have also brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of silicon carbide production and micro-powder processing in China.
5. Development prospects of abrasive abrasive market
Domestic ordinary abrasive bonded abrasives are traditional products and have a relatively stable domestic market. According to incomplete statistics, the output of China's fixed abrasives in 2007 was 310,000 tons. Domestic market demand is growing slowly and exports are growing rapidly. In 2007, ordinary abrasives exported 140,000 tons, 1,180 US dollars / ton; imports 8,800 tons, 13,000 US dollars / ton, the import price is more than ten times the export price. With the development of China's CNC machine tools, steel, automobile, shipbuilding and bearing industries, a large number of foreign production technology and process equipment have been introduced, and the processing technology of high efficiency, precision, automation and special abrasive tools has been adopted, and the quality and level of abrasive tools have been correspondingly Put forward higher requirements. At present, China's high-quality abrasive products market is in short supply.
A coated abrasive is a tool that can be used for grinding and polishing by bonding an abrasive to a flexible material such as cloth or paper with an adhesive. Coated abrasives are extremely widely used. In industrialized countries, the sales of coated abrasives ranks first among the three major abrasive tools. According to incomplete statistics, the world's coated abrasives output is about 600 million square meters, with a total sales of about 2.5 billion US dollars, 40% in the North American market, 36% in Europe, 17% in Asia, and 7% in other regions. In industrially developed countries, the output value of coated abrasives has surpassed that of any other abrasive tools, accounting for about 40% of the total output value of abrasives, such as Germany, which accounts for about 50%. The three major abrasives series of the famous abrasives and abrasives companies in the United States have a sales ratio of 44:36:12 in the world for coated abrasives, bonded abrasives and superhard abrasives. China's coated abrasives introduced into the belt manufacturing equipment and professional technology of Germany, Switzerland and other countries in the 1980s, which has raised the variety and quality of coated abrasives in China to a new level. At present, all-resin products, abrasive belts and impellers have replaced shale sandpaper as the leading product of coated abrasives. China's current sales of coated abrasives account for about 20% of the sales of all abrasives and products, and there is a considerable gap between 40% of developed countries. This is not the demand for coated abrasives in China, there is no market, but the number of coated abrasives manufactured in China is still relatively small, the processing level and product quality are still lower than similar foreign products, new, efficient, special, heavy load Most of the coated abrasives for strong and precision grinding are also imported.
In the past ten years, the application of superhard abrasives at home and abroad has made new progress: diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives are not only hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, semiconductor, etc. due to their high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The processing has a wide range of applications, and it has the characteristics of durability and ultra-high speed, and plays an increasingly prominent role in the processing of general steel. There is a saying in the abrasives industry: the future development trend of grinding materials is B (CBN cubic boron nitride) instead of A (corundum series), D (diamond) instead of C (silicon carbide). Superhard material abrasives are ideal for automated production and stable grinding with high precision. China's synthetic diamond production now exceeds 3 billion carats per year, and cubic boron nitride (CBN) has more than 100 million carats, and the price is low (the abrasive grades used in grinding wheels are mostly less than 1 yuan per carat). The application of hard materials creates a strong material foundation. From the perspective of the development of the whole superhard materials industry, the raw and auxiliary materials of superhard materials in China have formed a production scale, but the products are still in the development stage, and the appreciation space of the products relative to the original auxiliary materials is larger.
Second, the development trend of abrasive abrasive industry
1. High-efficiency and high-precision automation is the product development steering wheel
Abrasives industry is a basic industry, but machining has always occupied an extremely important position. As far as abrasives are concerned, there are three aspects of improvement and breakthrough significance. First, the physical structure of the grinding tool is improved, such as increasing the number of abrasive grains per unit time, increasing the average length of the grinding, and increasing the grinding contact surface, which changes the amount of grinding per unit time, effectively improving the efficiency. Second, the application of superhard abrasives mainly refers to the use of superhard materials such as metal powder, metal oxide or CBN as fillers, and the use of resin, ceramic or metal bond to make abrasive tools. At present, the high-precision and high-efficiency grinding effect brought by superhard abrasives has been widely recognized. Thirdly, new abrasive abrasives have emerged, such as micron-sized polycrystalline ceramic microcrystalline abrasives, and fine diamond abrasive spherical shell abrasives. , polyester film tape for super-fine polishing, etc. These new abrasives have the characteristics that make their grinding advantages even better.
Throughout the development of the grinding field, the future grinding process will put forward higher requirements for abrasive grinding tools. Judging from the current situation, superhard products just meet these new grinding needs. For example, CBN abrasive has good thermal stability, high hardness and good wear resistance. Therefore, the grinding machine has high line speed, high grinding efficiency and high life of grinding tools. It is especially suitable for processing high speed steel and bearing steel. Black metal materials such as stainless steel and cold-excited cast iron. In addition, it meets various needs of ceramic bond grinding wheels, high-speed grinding wheels for atmospheric holes, and different abrasive grinding wheels and diamond saw blades of different processing surfaces, which will expand the application range with the advancement of technology and become the mainstream product of grinding processing.
There are three main types of products involved in the abrasives industry: one is ordinary abrasives, including corundum series and silicon carbide, resin abrasives, ceramic abrasives, etc.; the second is coated abrasives, including abrasive cloth, sandpaper, and abrasive belts. Etc.; the third is superhard materials, mainly diamond, cubic boron nitride and products. Grinding is an irreplaceable and gradual expansion of machining methods in machining. According to the analysis of the US Trends in Mechanical Processing Technology in 2000, after the world entered the new century, grinding processing still ranks third in the most popular mechanical processing methods. Although hard turning has replaced many grinding processes, grinding has remained extremely important in machining methods due to advances in bonding technology and the use of advanced abrasives. According to the US Abrasives Products and Markets report, the total demand for abrasive abrasive products in the United States reached US$5.8 billion in 2004, and the average annual growth rate was 4%. In today's machining methods, grinding is important, as Dr. Carl.J. Salmon, a German grinding expert, says: “Grinding is now material-driven, it is milling, planing and turning in conventionally processed materials. The competition may be difficult to compete, but there is no need to compete with a new generation of materials such as ceramics, cermets, composites, whisker reinforcements and ultra-high temperature alloys. These materials can only be ground. â€
High efficiency, high precision and automation are the goals pursued by modern grinding technology. First of all, precision grinding and ultra-precision grinding: With the emergence of high-tech products, the precision of parts processing and surface integrity are getting higher and higher. Traditional grinding is developing in the direction of ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision grinding and polishing. . Ultra-precision grinding is a systematic project that includes high-speed and high-precision grinding machine spindles, guide rails and micro-feed mechanisms, precision grinding tools and their balancing and finishing techniques, as well as purification and cooling methods for grinding environments. Secondly, high-efficiency grinding: Although grinding has unparalleled advantages in machining accuracy and surface roughness, its material removal rate is difficult to compete with other cutting. In order to improve the grinding efficiency, the number of abrasive grains per unit time (such as high-speed grinding, ultra-high-speed grinding, abrasive belt grinding, etc.) is increased, and the average wear area of ​​the wear debris is increased (such as various heavy grinding). And increase the average length of wear debris (such as slow-feeding deep grinding, vertical shaft flat grinding) and many other high-efficiency grinding technologies, especially the development of heavy-duty roughing, ultra-high-speed grinding, abrasive belt grinding and high-efficiency deep grinding technology. striking. Third, the use of ceramic microcrystalline abrasives with micron-sized polycrystalline composition, hollow spherical ceramic abrasives for abrasive belt polishing, spherical abrasives containing fine diamond abrasive grains for superhard material grinding, etc. ; the appearance of a variety of new abrasive tools such as ultra-fine polishing polyester film tape, Nieuw brush grinding wheel with abrasive micro-powder, cast iron bond grinding wheel; manufacturing of centimeter-size large-diameter synthetic diamond; abrasive jet processing, abrasive water jet The emergence and development of a large number of new grinding technologies such as processing, viscoelastic abrasive flow honing, integral forming grinding, magnetic grinding, magnetic fluid precision grinding, low stress grinding, ultra high speed grinding and very low speed grinding Etc. is also a prominent aspect of the development of world grinding technology in recent years.
2. Transformation and adjustment into the main theme of industry development
At present, the global economy is in a period of decline. The economic cycle of different countries has both W-type and saw-down decline. Others are U-shaped through state regulation, and the economic boom and decline cycle depends on the environment and authorities of the world economy. Government policy regulation. In 2009, China's macro-control policies were magnificent and the results were outstanding. From the current national policy portfolio, it is more important to the construction of the people's livelihood security project, which will undoubtedly stimulate the recovery of the manufacturing and construction industries, and the abrasives industry attached to these two industries can overcome the difficulties. For this reason, companies may wish to make more efforts to serve these downstream enterprises. The Equipment Manufacturing Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan, which was introduced not long ago, pointed out that the equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry that provides technical equipment for various industries of the national economy. It has high correlation, strong employability and technical capital, and is an industrial upgrading and technological progress. The important guarantee and the concentrated expression of the country's comprehensive strength. To speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, it is necessary to rely on the national key construction projects to carry out large-scale technical equipment autonomy work on a large scale; increase investment in technological transformation, enhance the independent innovation capability of enterprises, substantially improve the basic supporting parts and basic technological level; accelerate the merger of enterprises Reorganization and product upgrading, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and comprehensively enhance the industrial competitiveness... Luo Mohui, CEO of Mould Network, expert member of Shenzhen Mould Technology Society and industry researcher of China International Economic Development Research Center, believes that the planning will be issued Driven by the development of many related sub-sectors, the abrasives industry is widely used as a basic industry in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries. The introduction of this revitalization plan will definitely drive the development of the abrasives industry and also New requirements are placed on the abrasives industry. The high quality and new varieties of the products have become the goal of the abrasives industry. The series of initiatives proposed in the plan for independent innovation, technological transformation, backward elimination, optimized layout, and promotion of structural adjustment and industrial upgrading are an inspiration for abrasives, especially when the industry is under the impact of the financial crisis. The adjustment of the series not only optimizes the entire industry, but also drives a new round of prosperity in the industry. Independent innovation, transformation and adjustment have always been the topic of discussion in the abrasives industry. Innovation can promote development, innovation can create brands, but the industry has been weak in this area. The introduction of this plan is not only for the abrasives industry. It is only an opportunity, but also a driving force. The advent of the financial crisis has made more companies realize that they cannot rely on past OEM sales and imitation sales as a way of survival. Only a solid product with unique characteristics can be firmly steadily in the market, so that the real promotion of industry development can be achieved. . Luo Baihui pointed out: Under the circumstances that the global financial crisis has not bottomed out and the surrounding trade frictions frequently occur, the abrasive abrasive manufacturers that specialize in export in the past must consider the seriousness of the shortage of international market demand and start to develop the domestic sales market. At present, the biggest problem in the grinding industry is the lack of demand and the frustration of exports. The second is the lack of innovation, the quality of market products is mixed, the traditional growth mode must be changed, and technological innovation is used to promote the rapid and healthy development of the industry. Abrasives as a "face" processing tool for hardware products has always affected the development of the entire hardware industry. In this global domino-style financial turmoil, the current domestic economy has already faced upgrading and transformation and restructuring.
Under this circumstance, enterprises have stepped up their internal strengths, adjusted their structure, and promoted transformation to become the main theme of the rapid development of the abrasives industry. Chen Hesheng, executive vice chairman of the Abrasives and Abrasives Branch, proposed that the country can reorganize in the industry, and the small factory will take stocks to form a large industrial group. This is not only controlled in terms of price and quantity, but also more powerful for the company. Deep Processing. Zhou Jinlong, deputy secretary-general of the Abrasives and Abrasives Branch, believes that there are many varieties of abrasives, such as ceramic grinding wheels, abrasive cloth sandpaper, solar cutting blades, semiconductors, etc. Enterprises must make their own products to make features and fine. Highlighting product quality and achieving differentiated production minimizes the low level of competition in terms of pure quantity and price. Luo Baihui said that abrasive abrasives, as industrial teeth, are important functional components and tools to support high-end machinery manufacturing and hardware products. They are the key products supported by the state. They must carry out technological transformations to improve the level of innovation, innovation and speed. The success rate, the introduction of domestic high-end testing equipment that can not be produced, enterprises should establish a user-oriented training and sales network, strengthen management information and fund management, try to improve the company's financial situation, ensure sufficient cash flow, and actively return to their own Accounts receivable and payment. Companies with good reputation and strength can use the adjustment of monetary and credit policies to plan and raise funds for the medium and long-term development of the company, absorb cheap technology and talents during the economic downturn, and digest and cultivate them to seek the next Greater economic cycle development.
3, environmental protection and low carbon into industrial development keywords
Under the impact of the international economic and financial crisis, all traditional industries are facing the pressure of industrial upgrading, that is, emissions and energy consumption. The national “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†emphasizes the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of economic growth mode characterized by “high investment, high consumption, high emissions, uncoordinated, difficult to recycle, low efficiencyâ€, and strives to build a conservation-oriented, environmentally-friendly and innovative type. The production of a strong country, the government's binding on energy, resources, sewage, etc. increased. While the production of abrasives is in the form of energy resources consumption and pollution emissions, the state must have some control; on the other hand, the pressure of energy, raw materials, transportation capacity, capital costs, etc., will reduce the profits of enterprises, and will also affect energy. Large consumers, including the grinding industry.
With UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon personally boarding the Arctic ultra-fast melting ice sheet and sending the world a catastrophic deterioration warning of the global environment, a new round of international agreement on carbon emissions and the revision of the Kyoto Protocol, The expansion of responsibilities and depth is being actively discussed internationally. The low-carbon economy has become a hot spot and has received much attention.
At present, the smelting of silicon carbide mainly has two factors: high single consumption, high emission of sulfur dioxide and COD. Therefore, it has always been regarded as an industry with “high pollution and high energy consumptionâ€, and has been restricted by the National Development and Reform Commission’s “Industrial Structure Adjustment Catalogue†as a restricted industry. The rapid development of the world industry and the booming of the solar economy have a deep dependence on the silicon carbide industry and a positive market pull. Silicon carbide is the “industrial tooth†and the total economic development “eye rain watchâ€. The former is rapidly Develop an important guarantee force. However, limited to energy consumption and environmental protection pressure, the industry has been greatly restricted. The main contradiction in the development of this industry. In the face of contradictions, there are two solutions: First, the industry shrinks, gradually out of the market, and second, solves the problem of high emissions and energy consumption, and the industry enters a benign development track. Exploring and practicing how to control silicon carbide smelting emissions and energy conservation is the only way for the industry to develop benign. As early as twenty years ago, the ancestors of the industry, such as a sand, began research and experimentation on the subject. One sand, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Sixth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry and other units have successively carried out tests and research on silicon carbide furnace gas recovery, and obtained preliminary research results. A large amount of first-hand research data has been accumulated. The data shows that in the process of silicon carbide smelting, the generated furnace gas can be collected and desulfurized and purified. At the same time, the collected furnace gas contains up to 85% of flammable carbon monoxide. This gas can be used not only as gas but also in the chemical industry. Carbon-chemical important chemical raw materials. Furnace gas recovery also reduces the direct combustion consumption of petroleum coke. Therefore, through the environmental protection of the furnace gas recovery, through the closed control of the furnace body and the recycling of the furnace gas to achieve a limited reduction in energy consumption per 10,000 yuan, the perfect way to explain the development of the industrial model industry of circular economy!
From the perspective of recent policies, the state will not reduce its environmental governance and control because of the economic downturn, which also highlights the government's determination to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading. In order to seek long-term development and support from national policies, the abrasives industry must work hard to make energy-saving and environmental protection articles, and seek to improve the use of clean energy and clean production technologies.
4. Marketing quality innovation into the driving force of enterprise development
More than 60% of abrasive enterprises rely on exports. From January to April 2009, artificial corundum exports 30,000 tons, silicon carbide exports 27,000 tons, down 80%-90%, and the company's operating rate is only 10%. Abrasive industry 90% of the furnaces are in a state of suspension, which is greatly affected by the financial crisis. Some enterprises have even experienced layoffs.相对æ¥è¯´ï¼Œç£¨å…·ä¼ä¸šå—金èžå±æœºå½±å“比较å°ï¼Œç£¨å…·çš„国内应用较多，金èžå±æœºæœŸé—´å›½å†…需求相对平稳。å¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œç£¨æ–™ä¼ä¸šåˆ©æ¶¦ä¸‹æ»‘主è¦æ˜¯å¸‚场需求出现了èŽç¼©ã€‚三磨所2009å¹´1—4月份，生产总值下滑了18%å·¦å³ï¼Œäº§å“广泛应用于汽车ã€ç”µåã€å®¶ç”µã€å·¥å…·ç‰é¢†åŸŸï¼Œæ±½è½¦å’Œç”µå领域的应用å 了80%。应对å±æœºé‡‡å–的措施主è¦æœ‰ä¸‰ä¸ªæ–¹é¢ï¼šä¸€æ˜¯åŠ 大è¥é”€åŠ›åº¦ï¼ŒäºŒæ˜¯æ高产å“è´¨é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œä¸‰æ˜¯è¿›è¡ŒæŠ€æœ¯åˆ›æ–°ï¼Œç€åŠ›æ高å‘展åŽåŠ²ã€‚æ—¥å‰ï¼Œå›½å®¶å‘改委批准了由三磨所牵头组织编写的河å—超硬ææ–™åŠåˆ¶å“区域特色高技术产业链总体方案和实施方案，çœå‘改委批准了ä¾æ‰˜ä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€çš„æ²³å—精密超硬æ料制å“工程实验室，申报工信部的é‡ç‚¹äº§ä¸šæŒ¯å…´ä¸ŽæŠ€æœ¯æ”¹é€ 项目ç‰ä¹Ÿåœ¨å®¡æ‰¹ä¸ï¼Œè¿™äº›å›½å®¶å’Œçœçº§çš„é‡å¤§é¡¹ç›®çš„实施将为三磨所的振兴å‘å±•å¥ å®šè‰¯å¥½åŸºç¡€ï¼Œä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€ä½œä¸ºé¾™å¤´ä¼ä¸šå°†ç»§ç»å¼•é¢†è¶…硬æ料行业的技术进æ¥ã€‚超硬æ料分会ã€è´¨æ£€ä¸å¿ƒå°±è¡Œä¸šå·¥ä½œå‘è°ƒç ”ç»„è¿›è¡Œäº†æ±‡æŠ¥å¹¶æ出了一些建设性æ„è§ã€‚å¾å°šæ–‡ä¸“务认为è¦å¤šä»Žè¡Œä¸šå…¨å±€å‡ºå‘，建议磨料磨具ä¼ä¸šç”³æŠ¥é¡¹ç›®æ—¶èƒ½è”åˆç›¸å…³é…套ä¼ä¸šä¸€èµ·ç”³æŠ¥é‡å¤§ä¸“项的分课题，æ¯ä¸ªå°è¡Œä¸šçš„é©æ–°å‘展都能带动整个系统的å‘展。这也符åˆå¸‚场导å‘，主机牵引的原则。在大课题ä¸æš‚未立项的，也å¯å…ˆæ交申请，在å‘改委备案，以期调整。ä¸å›½æœºåºŠå·¥å…·å·¥ä¸šå会副总编æ¨æ˜¥æž—建议，磨料磨具行业å¯ä»¥å¤šå€Ÿæœºå®£ä¼ å’ŒæŽ¨å¹¿è‡ªå·±ï¼Œç”¨ç§‘æ™®ç±»çš„æ–‡ç« å±•ç¤ºç£¨æ–™ç£¨å…·è¡Œä¸šçš„å‘展，让更多人走进和了解磨料磨具，以便争å–更多的政ç–扶æŒã€‚
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æ ¹æ®å›½é™…国内ç»æµŽé¢„测GDP分别增长3.7%(世界很行06.05.30)å’Œ10%å·¦å³çš„大的å®è§‚形势，以åŠå›½å®¶å¯¹ä¸ŠåŠå¹´ç»æµŽè¿‡çƒè€Œåœ¨ä¸‹åŠå¹´å¯¹å®è§‚调控å†ç´§ç¼°ç»³äº§ç”Ÿçš„å½±å“，并考虑行业目å‰è‡ªèº«å‘展动力ç‰ç»¼åˆåˆ†æžï¼Œé¢„计2010年行业ç»æµŽå¢žé•¿åº”ä¿æŒåœ¨10%以上，磨料产é‡åº”çªç ´100万å¨ï¼Œç£¨å…·äº§é‡åœ¨25万å¨å·¦å³ï¼Œäº§é”€å‡ä¿æŒå¢žé•¿è¶‹åŠ¿ï¼Œæ•ˆç›Šä¿æŒå¹³è¡¡å¢žé•¿ã€‚ The main issues that the abrasive industry is worth paying attention to are:
(1) Macroeconomic regulation and control must resolutely curb the blind expansion of high energy consumption, high pollution and overcapacity industries, and effectively focus on improving the quality and efficiency of the economy.
(2) It is necessary to speed up the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and effectively optimize the structure of import and export commodities. It is necessary to carry out the low-cost export of the products in the suppression industry, especially the abrasive industry.
(3) While optimizing exports, we must pay attention to actively expand domestic demand. China is currently one of the largest markets in the world, and the economy has grown at a rate of more than 10% for three consecutive years. In recent years, the import of industrial products has been increasing at a rate of 20-20% or more. All enterprises should strengthen their work in this respect and cooperate to develop alternative imported products.
(4) Production data will continue to increase in price. It is necessary to persist in efforts to tap potential savings and ensure the steady growth of economic performance and efficiency throughout the year.
In addition, the development strategy of the abrasives industry is information technology, technology integration, automation, intelligence, environmental protection, cost-effective, flexible and own corporate and product culture. It is the engineering project theory, integration technology, international and national laws and regulations and custom requirements, factory construction and management, modern information technology, corporate culture construction and other theories to study the implementation of the development of abrasives manufacturing enterprises. Ideas, methods and approaches.
Under the general trend of global economic integration, China's economy is closely related to the development of the global economy. Domestic and foreign markets are mutually integrated. Chinese abrasive abrasive enterprises must properly participate in international division of labor to meet international standards, international management, and national and regional Socialization requirements such as laws and regulations, and economic development levels in different regions, clear market positioning, that is, establish their own service areas and service targets, in order to establish the development scale, product technology orientation and characteristics within a certain period of time. The development of abrasives industry should use the concept of integration and integration, build on the concept of modern abrasives and abrasive enterprises, show the cultural connotation of the enterprise, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness and core competitiveness of the enterprise.从过去的仅è¦æ±‚满足产å“è¦æ±‚，æå‡åˆ°è¦æ±‚能整体满足节能环ä¿ã€åŠ³åŠ¨å®‰å…¨å«ç”Ÿã€çŽ°ä»£åŒ–生产管ç†ã€è¥é”€èŠ‚æ‹ã€ä¼ä¸šæ–‡åŒ–å’Œä¼ä¸šå½¢è±¡çš„一体化è¦æ±‚。 At the same time, according to the individualized characteristics of each abrasive abrasive enterprise, it is necessary to plan and determine the special adaptive production, management operation and corporate culture system of abrasive abrasive manufacturing enterprises. The company has specialized production technology, special products and specificity, determines the positioning of the company's products, and best guarantees the market demand for products.
(1) Target two markets and make full use of both resources. Guided by the needs of the international and domestic markets, focusing on the needs of existing and potential markets, we must not only focus on exploring the international market, but also give full play to the comparative advantages of Chinese abrasive abrasives in the international market. To expand the space for resource selection, we must make full use of our own resources and be good at using foreign resources to optimize the allocation of resources. The foreign resources that can be utilized mainly refer to advanced management concepts, management experience, product technology and professional talents. It is also necessary to meet the needs of the domestic market and establish its position in the domestic market. Complementing the two markets and coordinating balanced development.
(2) Highlight the sustainable development strategy. This is the strategic orientation of product development. Abrasives abrasives provide production and processing tools for other industries. The energy consumption and efficiency of various products directly affect the operational quality and product performance of related industries, and sustainable development has become a global consensus. Abrasives manufacturers have The utilization rate of resources and the degree of pollution to the environment will be one of the important factors determining the competitiveness of the market. Therefore, the abrasives manufacturers must especially emphasize the sustainable development strategy. Specifically, the technical level of the products provided should be continuously Approaching high efficiency, energy saving, material saving, water saving and less pollution-free realm, energy saving, green production and clean production.
(3) Good at using high technology to transform abrasive abrasive enterprises. The high-tech transformation of abrasives and abrasives production enterprises is roughly reflected in three aspects: promoting the upgrading of equipment products and developing new products; reforming the production methods of abrasives and abrasives, improving production efficiency, ensuring product quality; changing the management mode of enterprises and blocking management loopholes; Improve information response speed and reduce costs. For example, some enterprises have introduced network technology into enterprise management, enabling people, finance, materials, production, supply and sales departments to integrate with each other. China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers can't follow the trend of their foreign counterparts, so they can only further increase the gap. They should make full use of the "post-effect" of economic development and the rapid development of information technology to provide rapid access to the global scope. The latest technology and knowledge opportunities, give play to the superiority of China's system can concentrate on doing big things, focus on the development of some key products and key enterprises, and gain leap-forward development.
(4), excellent support, there is a guarantee, and concentrate on doing a few important things that can be immediately seen. Abrasives abrasive enterprises have a wide range of connotations. With the existing economic strength and technical level of abrasive abrasives enterprises, it is impossible to fully attack and go hand in hand. Only a few key areas can be selected to achieve breakthroughs. The principle of selecting the key points should be: 1) the domestic market demand is large and important; 2) has a breakthrough driving effect on the development of the industry or has a large driving effect on the development of related industries; 3) the difficulty of introducing from abroad, non- Domestic independent research and development is not possible.
(5) Promote the development of large-scale and small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In the 21st century, it is necessary not only to cultivate a number of leading enterprises that have the strength to attack, the traction, and the ability to enter the international market, but also to take practical and feasible policies and measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with a strategic vision. A pattern of brilliance.
(6) The technology update mode should be based on the introduction of digestive imports and the introduction of independent innovation. The lack of independent research and development capability is the fundamental reason for the low competitiveness of the abrasives abrasives market and the lack of stamina for industrial development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, abrasive abrasive enterprises have not been able to get rid of the "replacement of imported digestive" technology update model, and must change to the "independent innovation" model. Without trying to change this situation, the development of abrasives manufacturing enterprises in China will become more and more difficult. This is because: First, the technology that replaces imported digestive types cannot be the most advanced, even if we master all the technologies, production. Abrasives that meet the market demand, but do not have independent intellectual property rights, once the market demand changes, they have to carry out a new round of introduction; Second, the abrasive grinding technology is getting faster and faster, the product life The shorter and shorter, the technology that replaces imported digestive type may not be digested and absorbed, and the products produced may not have been put into the market, and it has fallen behind.
(7) Implementing a major export strategy. At present, the general abrasive production capacity of ordinary abrasives is generally surplus, and it is more urgent and pragmatic to find a way out for our products. Abrasives and abrasive products are more suitable for the needs of developing countries in terms of price and technical level. Abrasives and abrasives can further improve product quality, diversify export products and diversify export areas, as long as they maintain the advantages of domestic brands. Still have great potential.
(8). Select and focus on the development of abrasive abrasives. In each period, a number of key abrasive abrasives involving huge demand were established, and joint research on production, learning, and research was organized to achieve limited goals and key breakthroughs.
(9) Establish a social service support system for abrasive abrasive production. Formulate relevant laws and regulations, train professional industry design institutes, associations, societies, chambers of commerce, firms and consulting agencies and other intermediary organizations to establish their prestige, clarify their responsibilities, standardize their operations, and play their data statistics, information collection, investigation and research, The role of technical consultation, normative design and development, project evaluation, inspection and supervision, and results promotion, and the establishment of a support service system for the society, service industry, and government assistance in the periphery of the abrasives industry.
I. Overview of the development of abrasive abrasive industry
1. Abrasives abrasive product classification and characteristics
The grinding tool is referred to as the abrasive tool. The grinding machine has three series of fixed abrasive tools, coated abrasive tools and super hard abrasive tools, each with its own characteristics, independent existence and different strengths. Consolidated Abrasives A fixed abrasive is a tool with a certain shape and certain grinding ability made of abrasive (grinding material) and bonding agent. Examples of markings for bonded abrasives: Shape size Abrasive grain size Bonding agent Hardness structure 35M/SGB/T2485 Shape code 300×50×75 Abrasive type Abrasive grain size Bonding agent Abrasive hardness Organization number Maximum working speed Abrasives Technical conditions No. In addition to the highest working speed and the standard number of the abrasive technical conditions, the rest are characterized by a fixed abrasive. Abrasive grain size refers to the thickness of the abrasive. The abrasives of the bonded abrasives adopt the following series of standards. These seven characteristics are based on the provisions of the 1998 National Machinery Abrasives Standardization Technical Committee. The hardness here refers to the strength of the bonding abrasive under the external force, and the bonding agent and the abrasive are combined. According to the thickness of the particle size, the sand blasting hardness tester and the Rockwell hardness are respectively used. Hardness is super soft (super soft 1, super soft 2), soft (soft 1, soft 2), medium soft (medium soft 1, medium soft 2), medium (medium 1, medium 2), medium hard (medium hard 1, medium hard 2, medium hard 3), hard (hard 1, hard 2), super hard (super hard 1, super hard 2) and other 7 major levels a total of 15 small. The binder refers to a material in which various binders in the bonded abrasive tool are bonded to the abrasive. Consolidated abrasives usually use four major types of binders: ceramic, resin, rubber, and diamond. These four types of binders have the largest proportion of ceramic bond abrasives. The main materials of ceramic bond are clay, feldspar, loess, quartz and other ceramic binders according to different abrasives, different uses and different methods (casting or pressing). The resin binder is mainly a phenolic type resin, which is divided into two types of powdery resin and liquid resin, and is also classified into various resin binders according to different manufacturing methods and different uses. The rubber bonding agent is currently divided into three types: artificial styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium butyl rubber and liquid rubber. It is divided into various rubber binders according to the different methods and applications. The main materials of rhombohedral binder are composed of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride, which are mainly used for fine-grained abrasives for fine processing. The codes of various binders are as follows: binder name binder code ceramic binder V resin binder B rubber binder R diamond bitumin binder Mg (3) organization: tissue refers to the volume occupied by the abrasive in the fixed abrasive , expressed in weight% ratio. Usually the organization does not show in the abrasive article mark, and when the formula is made at the time of manufacture, the self-control is expressed by Arabic numerals, that is, the smaller the number, the looser the tissue, that is, the less the ratio of the abrasive in the fixed abrasive tool, the larger the number The tighter the tissue, the greater the ratio of abrasive particles. Usually the organization number is from 0-12 for a total of 13 organization numbers.
Coated abrasive coated abrasive refers to an abrasive that adheres an abrasive to a flexible substrate, also known as a flexible abrasive. Coated abrasives have nine characteristics: substrate type - substrate treatment - abrasive type - abrasive particle size - sand density - binder type - bond strength - shape - size.
Superhard abrasives are hardeners made of diamond or cubic boron nitride superabrasives. They are another series of abrasives. Superhard abrasives have the following characteristics and markings: concentration, binder, particle size, abrasive grade, thickness of abrasive layer, pore size, total thickness, diameter, shape code, and other features and markings are in accordance with the 1998 National Abrasives Standardization Technology. The Commission prepares the provisions of each of the Chinese Machinery Industry Standards published by the Chinese Publishing House. The concentration: is substantially the same as the number of the consolidated abrasives, but should be indicated in the signs of superhard abrasives. The so-called concentration refers to the number of grams of superhard abrasive contained in the volume of the superhard abrasive per cm3, expressed in %. The concentration code is as follows: code abrasive content (g/cm3) concentration 250.2225% 500.4450% 750.6675% 1000.88100%1 501.32150% About binder: refers to the type of binder used in superhard abrasives. The binder code is as follows: binder binding agent code resin binder B metal binder M ceramic binder V.
2. Brief history of abrasive abrasive industry development
New China's abrasives industry started from scratch, from scratch, from small to large. After more than half a century of self-reliance and hard work, gradually established a relatively independent and complete development, manufacturing and testing system for abrasives. Especially in the more than ten years after the reform and opening up, it has achieved rapid development. In the 1990s, the gap between China's abrasives industry and the world's advanced level has been greatly reduced. However, due to the rapid development of world material technology, mechanical processing technology and technology, and scientific research methods, at the turn of the century, the foreign abrasives industry has developed rapidly, and new technologies, new products, and new processes have emerged; During the period, China's abrasives industry is in the stage of industrial management system reform, enterprise transformation and transformation, and industrial organization structure adjustment. The original industrial layout has been disrupted, new market order is being explored, and industry development and technological progress are stagnating. The state has caused the gap that has been narrowed to be rapidly widened.
In the planned economy period, China's abrasives industry is based on the seven grinding wheel factories affiliated to the former Ministry of Machinery Industry, and is supplemented by local grinding wheel factories owned by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government to form an abrasive grinding tool manufacturing system. Now, after 30 years of reform and opening up, the market test, resource integration, mergers and acquisitions, the original seven subordinate enterprises in addition to the Shandong Luxin High-tech Industrial Co., Ltd. established on the basis of the former fourth wheel factory, several other companies Basically in a state of stagnation or very difficult operation, its first grinding wheel factory in Shenyang has already gone bankrupt; the second grinding wheel factory of the country has also become a listed company. The company’s registered name is “White Dove Co., Ltd.†and has now been broken down into Several small enterprises have faced difficulties in their operation; after the third grinding wheel factory and the sixth grinding wheel factory were merged into the seventh grinding wheel factory, they failed to solve their development problems, and they were divided into several groups, and the Qisha Group also faced bankruptcy. The production and operation part has also been broken down into several small enterprises, which are difficult to operate with the advantages of resources (mainly electricity prices and raw materials); while the fifth grinding wheel factory mainly produces silicon carbon rod products, which basically do not belong to abrasive tools. The scope of the industry. After the reform and opening up, a large number of private abrasives manufacturing enterprises have emerged in China. Although there are many excellent enterprises that promote the development of the industry and technological progress, a large number of private enterprises rely only on their flexible operating mechanisms and rely on their original state-owned enterprises. The skilled workers who are “digging†by the leading factories are carrying out the relatively simple low-grade product repetitive production and the vicious low-price competition, so that the abrasives industry in China is still at a relatively low level in general, the technical content and additionality of the products. The value is relatively low. Even the abrasive products with large export volume are often provided with cheap raw materials for foreign advanced abrasive manufacturing enterprises by virtue of cheap resources and labor advantages. At present, only Luxin Gaoxin relies on the next effort to improve its independent innovation capability. After six years of hard work, it has finally emerged from the predicament and has great potential for development.
3, the development trend of abrasives and abrasives enterprises
At present, the development orientation of the world economy and the regional economic structure are undergoing tremendous changes. Driven by economic globalization, China's national modernization and the process of world economic integration are accelerating, the country's overall technical level and national quality are improving, and the country's comprehensive strength is rapidly increasing. In order to adapt to the opportunities and challenges brought about by the integration of the world economy and the expansion of domestic demand, the enterprises of abrasives and abrasives in China have rapidly developed their restructuring, restructuring, reform, transformation and product structure, and the degree of internationalization has increased dramatically. .
In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's abrasives and abrasives production enterprises have made great progress, and gradually formed an abrasive abrasive production system with complete product range and certain comprehensive strength. It has formed a high-end abrasives manufacturing enterprise mainly based on multinational corporations and joint ventures and a small number of domestic companies. It is a large-scale state-owned and partially state-owned large and medium-sized enterprise, and a large-scale private and characteristic private enterprise that has developed rapidly in recent years. The main medium and high-end abrasives manufacturing enterprises, and the production of medium and low-end abrasives manufacturing enterprises based on small and medium-sized private enterprises. At present, the annual annual abrasive production capacity of the country has a considerable scale, and most of the product areas have excess production capacity. Generally speaking, in the past half century, the production of abrasives and abrasives in China has been greatly developed, but there is still a certain gap compared with the advanced ones of the world's top abrasives.
(1) There is still a certain gap between the overall process and equipment level. After years of development in China's abrasives and abrasives production enterprises, the equipment level of some key enterprises has been greatly improved, and some of the processes and equipment levels have reached the first-class modernization level in line with international standards, but the overall overall process and equipment level and international abrasive grinding. There is still a certain gap compared with advanced enterprises, especially in the production process, automation and equipment and information integration of the whole plant.
(2) In the past, international competitiveness was mainly due to low-tech products with low added value, while the core large-scale and high-tech products were still relatively low in competitiveness. Especially fixed abrasive products. However, in recent years, the situation has changed a lot. In some areas of abrasives, some high-quality products in China have been supplied to domestic and foreign markets.
(3) Low output efficiency. The value-added rate of advanced state abrasives manufacturers is generally between 50% and 150%, and the lowest is also over 30%. China's abrasives manufacturers only have 5-20%, a big gap. The labor productivity gap is even greater. Most enterprises in China have only 50,000-300,000 yuan/person, which is only 10-15% of foreign advanced enterprises. Low economic returns.
(4) In the product technology, high-end product performance and new product research and development of abrasive tools, there is still a considerable gap with the advanced level of foreign countries.
(5) The ability of enterprises to respond quickly to the market is poor. The average development cycle of new abrasive products in China is 18 months, and the product life cycle is 10-15 years. The foreign countries have achieved "three threes", that is, the product life cycle is 3 years, the product trial cycle is 3 months, and the product design cycle is 3 weeks.
(6) The scale structure of the enterprise is unreasonable. From the perspective of industrial organization structure, the scale combination of China's abrasives manufacturing enterprises is extremely unreasonable, large enterprises are big but not strong, industrial belts are not very useful, small enterprises are small and not specialized, and cooperation ability is poor, and enterprises are caught in market competition. Glued state. In particular, the strength of large-scale enterprises cannot achieve large-scale operation and group operation, and it is difficult to compete with foreign companies and multinational companies.
Generally speaking, China's abrasives industry has more than 1,200 enterprises. In 2007, the total industrial output value reached 61.45 billion yuan, an increase of 40.3% over 2006. The sales income reached 60.48 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 40.2%. In a period of rapid growth. However, due to the weak independent research and development capabilities of products, the entry threshold is low. In recent years, it has been developing and expanding on the basis of imitation and plagiarism. Inefficient consumption consumes a lot of precious resources and energy, which is still relatively large compared with the international advanced level. The gap is mainly reflected in: 1 high-tech products can not meet market demand, relying on imports; low-end general-purpose products have structural excess, resulting in backlog, default on goods and price wars. 2 The production capacity of the whole industry has reached a certain scale, but the actual production capacity is relatively scattered, the scale of the enterprise is small, and the economic benefits are poor. 3 The technology development capability is weak, the products and technologies with own intellectual property rights are few, and the initiative to develop products is not mastered. 4 The product variety is small, the technical content is low, and the manufacturing process data lacks strict experimental demonstration, which cannot maintain the continuous quality stability of the product. 5 Abrasives industry domestic brand name gold content is low, less international brands.
At present, the production capacity of ordinary abrasives in China is about 1.8 million tons. In 2007, the export was 1.11 million tons, with an average of 484 US dollars/ton; the import was 90,000 tons, with an average of 750 US dollars/ton. In the world industrial structure, the country has become a major exporter of brown fused alumina and silicon carbide. At present, the country has begun to implement active industrial policies, fiscal and taxation policies, and improve the use of resources and energy costs to limit the development of high-energy, high-polluting ordinary abrasives based on brown fused alumina and silicon carbide.
4. Abrasives industry development environment
(1) The inevitable outcome of industrialized countries
Abrasives as an indispensable and alternative processing tool in the fields of manufacturing, oil exploitation, mineral exploration, material processing, etc., as the "teeth" of the industry, with the economic development of a country, basically alleviating the bottleneck of the basic industry After the restrictions, it will be committed to driving and promoting the development of leading industries such as manufacturing, oil exploration, mineral exploration, and material processing. Today's world's industrial powers are all powerful countries in the above fields. China must take the road of rich countries and strong countries, and vigorously develop the above industries is also an inevitable choice. This will bring great development opportunities for the development of abrasives.
(2) The general trend of economic globalization
The cross-regional production and management is also reflected in the cross-region of social consumption. The impact of this trend on our economy should be comprehensively and deeply understood. International abrasives and multinational companies have entered China, bringing capital, advanced technology, management experience and new business ideas to inject vitality into the Chinese economy. In the past two years, with China's accession to the WTO, there have been some new phenomena in foreign cooperation. For example, the introduction of technology negotiations has become more difficult; the proportion of newly established foreign-funded enterprises that are wholly-owned or absolutely controlled has increased significantly. These phenomena are all related to the current changes in the domestic and foreign economic situation and should be brought to the attention as soon as possible. Therefore, due to the differences in economic interests, management strength, political beliefs and ideology and culture between the two sides, in the process of integrating China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturing enterprises with the international economy, there are opportunities and risks brought by cooperation. Domestic enterprises We must keep a clear head and pursue development with the good intention of common development.
The global integration of product and service sales has a considerable impact on China's abrasives manufacturing enterprises, which have relatively low overall market competitiveness. The internationalization of the domestic market may cause China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers to lose part of the domestic market share. Of course, the domesticization of the international market also makes it easier for domestic enterprises to enter the international market. The premise is that domestic enterprises should cultivate their own initiative to use two markets and two resources. The awareness of accurately positioning Chinese products in the international market, opening up new markets and developing new products while maintaining low prices.
(3) High-tech transformation and sustainable development
The development of economies in various countries is increasingly focused on improving the level of science and technology. The competition in the market is mainly reflected in the competition of product technology level. At present, several famous enterprises in the world of abrasives and abrasives are following different paths in accordance with their own development concepts. The development pays more attention to the high starting point of product technology and the high return of marketing, and strives to jump out of the competition circle of low- and medium-priced products. France, the United States, Austria, Japan and other countries continue to promote the overall quality of the abrasives manufacturing industry, so its international market competitiveness is still not reduced. The rising stars, represented by South Korea and Taiwan, strive to adjust the industrial organization structure, optimize the combination, and adapt to the challenges of the new situation as soon as possible. In contrast, the structural framework of China's abrasive abrasive manufacturing enterprises in China is still very scattered, the operating mechanism is still not enough, and the scientific and technological content and scientific research potential of production and operation are insufficient. Therefore, under this background, the development of China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers is first of all to improve their quality in an all-round way, to absorb the technological achievements at home and abroad, to give full play to the advantages of high-tech and to promote industrial upgrading.
(4) Economic system reform
At present, a series of supporting reforms have been launched in sequence, creating an unprecedented favorable environment for China's abrasives manufacturing enterprise system reform, industrial restructuring and training of research and development capabilities.
(5), the domestic demand market is huge
The production capacity of abrasives and abrasives in the world has been oversupplied, and the occupation of the market among industries and companies among countries has become more intense. The huge domestic market demand is to vigorously develop fertile ground for the production of abrasives in China. The state implemented the strategy of developing the western region, the rise of the central region, and the Haixi Economic Zone, strengthening urbanization, building a large number of key projects such as the West-East Gas Pipeline, the West-East Power Transmission, the South-to-North Water Transfer, the Plateau Railway and the High-speed Railway, and increasing the tradition. The transformation of the industry, such a large-scale construction has been experienced in developed countries, and it is difficult for most developing countries to do. China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers should fully seize this historical opportunity and achieve great development.
(6), stimulating domestic demand policy and top ten industrial policies
In the equipment industry revitalization plan, high-grade abrasives are the content of its revitalization and development, which provides convenience for abrasive abrasives manufacturers to make full use of domestic technical resources, capital resources and market resources, so that abrasives manufacturers can A higher starting point will enhance the technical level of the industry and enhance the market competitiveness of the products. At the same time, it will prompt the government and enterprises to accelerate and increase the pace and intensity of various reforms.
In addition, the implementation of China's new energy policy and the rapid development of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic industry have also brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of silicon carbide production and micro-powder processing in China.
5. Development prospects of abrasive abrasive market
Domestic ordinary abrasive bonded abrasives are traditional products and have a relatively stable domestic market. According to incomplete statistics, the output of China's fixed abrasives in 2007 was 310,000 tons. Domestic market demand is growing slowly and exports are growing rapidly. In 2007, ordinary abrasives exported 140,000 tons, 1,180 US dollars / ton; imports 8,800 tons, 13,000 US dollars / ton, the import price is more than ten times the export price. With the development of China's CNC machine tools, steel, automobile, shipbuilding and bearing industries, a large number of foreign production technology and process equipment have been introduced, and the processing technology of high efficiency, precision, automation and special abrasive tools has been adopted, and the quality and level of abrasive tools have been correspondingly Put forward higher requirements. At present, China's high-quality abrasive products market is in short supply.
A coated abrasive is a tool that can be used for grinding and polishing by bonding an abrasive to a flexible material such as cloth or paper with an adhesive. Coated abrasives are extremely widely used. In industrialized countries, the sales of coated abrasives ranks first among the three major abrasive tools. According to incomplete statistics, the world's coated abrasives output is about 600 million square meters, with a total sales of about 2.5 billion US dollars, 40% in the North American market, 36% in Europe, 17% in Asia, and 7% in other regions. In industrially developed countries, the output value of coated abrasives has surpassed that of any other abrasive tools, accounting for about 40% of the total output value of abrasives, such as Germany, which accounts for about 50%. The three major abrasives series of the famous abrasives and abrasives companies in the United States have a sales ratio of 44:36:12 in the world for coated abrasives, bonded abrasives and superhard abrasives. China's coated abrasives introduced into the belt manufacturing equipment and professional technology of Germany, Switzerland and other countries in the 1980s, which has raised the variety and quality of coated abrasives in China to a new level. At present, all-resin products, abrasive belts and impellers have replaced shale sandpaper as the leading product of coated abrasives. China's current sales of coated abrasives account for about 20% of the sales of all abrasives and products, and there is a considerable gap between 40% of developed countries. This is not the demand for coated abrasives in China, there is no market, but the number of coated abrasives manufactured in China is still relatively small, the processing level and product quality are still lower than similar foreign products, new, efficient, special, heavy load Most of the coated abrasives for strong and precision grinding are also imported.
In the past ten years, the application of superhard abrasives at home and abroad has made new progress: diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives are not only hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, semiconductor, etc. due to their high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The processing has a wide range of applications, and it has the characteristics of durability and ultra-high speed, and plays an increasingly prominent role in the processing of general steel. There is a saying in the abrasives industry: the future development trend of grinding materials is B (CBN cubic boron nitride) instead of A (corundum series), D (diamond) instead of C (silicon carbide). Superhard material abrasives are ideal for automated production and stable grinding with high precision. China's synthetic diamond production now exceeds 3 billion carats per year, and cubic boron nitride (CBN) has more than 100 million carats, and the price is low (the abrasive grades used in grinding wheels are mostly less than 1 yuan per carat). The application of hard materials creates a strong material foundation. From the perspective of the development of the whole superhard materials industry, the raw and auxiliary materials of superhard materials in China have formed a production scale, but the products are still in the development stage, and the appreciation space of the products relative to the original auxiliary materials is larger.
Second, the development trend of abrasive abrasive industry
1. High-efficiency and high-precision automation is the product development steering wheel
Abrasives industry is a basic industry, but machining has always occupied an extremely important position. As far as abrasives are concerned, there are three aspects of improvement and breakthrough significance. First, the physical structure of the grinding tool is improved, such as increasing the number of abrasive grains per unit time, increasing the average length of the grinding, and increasing the grinding contact surface, which changes the amount of grinding per unit time, effectively improving the efficiency. Second, the application of superhard abrasives mainly refers to the use of superhard materials such as metal powder, metal oxide or CBN as fillers, and the use of resin, ceramic or metal bond to make abrasive tools. At present, the high-precision and high-efficiency grinding effect brought by superhard abrasives has been widely recognized. Thirdly, new abrasive abrasives have emerged, such as micron-sized polycrystalline ceramic microcrystalline abrasives, and fine diamond abrasive spherical shell abrasives. , polyester film tape for super-fine polishing, etc. These new abrasives have the characteristics that make their grinding advantages even better.
Throughout the development of the grinding field, the future grinding process will put forward higher requirements for abrasive grinding tools. Judging from the current situation, superhard products just meet these new grinding needs. For example, CBN abrasive has good thermal stability, high hardness and good wear resistance. Therefore, the grinding machine has high line speed, high grinding efficiency and high life of grinding tools. It is especially suitable for processing high speed steel and bearing steel. Black metal materials such as stainless steel and cold-excited cast iron. In addition, it meets various needs of ceramic bond grinding wheels, high-speed grinding wheels for atmospheric holes, and different abrasive grinding wheels and diamond saw blades of different processing surfaces, which will expand the application range with the advancement of technology and become the mainstream product of grinding processing.
There are three main types of products involved in the abrasives industry: one is ordinary abrasives, including corundum series and silicon carbide, resin abrasives, ceramic abrasives, etc.; the second is coated abrasives, including abrasive cloth, sandpaper, and abrasive belts. Etc.; the third is superhard materials, mainly diamond, cubic boron nitride and products. Grinding is an irreplaceable and gradual expansion of machining methods in machining. According to the analysis of the US Trends in Mechanical Processing Technology in 2000, after the world entered the new century, grinding processing still ranks third in the most popular mechanical processing methods. Although hard turning has replaced many grinding processes, grinding has remained extremely important in machining methods due to advances in bonding technology and the use of advanced abrasives. According to the US Abrasives Products and Markets report, the total demand for abrasive abrasive products in the United States reached US$5.8 billion in 2004, and the average annual growth rate was 4%. In today's machining methods, grinding is important, as Dr. Carl.J. Salmon, a German grinding expert, says: “Grinding is now material-driven, it is milling, planing and turning in conventionally processed materials. The competition may be difficult to compete, but there is no need to compete with a new generation of materials such as ceramics, cermets, composites, whisker reinforcements and ultra-high temperature alloys. These materials can only be ground. â€
High efficiency, high precision and automation are the goals pursued by modern grinding technology. First of all, precision grinding and ultra-precision grinding: With the emergence of high-tech products, the precision of parts processing and surface integrity are getting higher and higher. Traditional grinding is developing in the direction of ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision grinding and polishing. . Ultra-precision grinding is a systematic project that includes high-speed and high-precision grinding machine spindles, guide rails and micro-feed mechanisms, precision grinding tools and their balancing and finishing techniques, as well as purification and cooling methods for grinding environments. Secondly, high-efficiency grinding: Although grinding has unparalleled advantages in machining accuracy and surface roughness, its material removal rate is difficult to compete with other cutting. In order to improve the grinding efficiency, the number of abrasive grains per unit time (such as high-speed grinding, ultra-high-speed grinding, abrasive belt grinding, etc.) is increased, and the average wear area of ​​the wear debris is increased (such as various heavy grinding). And increase the average length of wear debris (such as slow-feeding deep grinding, vertical shaft flat grinding) and many other high-efficiency grinding technologies, especially the development of heavy-duty roughing, ultra-high-speed grinding, abrasive belt grinding and high-efficiency deep grinding technology. striking. Third, the use of ceramic microcrystalline abrasives with micron-sized polycrystalline composition, hollow spherical ceramic abrasives for abrasive belt polishing, spherical abrasives containing fine diamond abrasive grains for superhard material grinding, etc. ; the appearance of a variety of new abrasive tools such as ultra-fine polishing polyester film tape, Nieuw brush grinding wheel with abrasive micro-powder, cast iron bond grinding wheel; manufacturing of centimeter-size large-diameter synthetic diamond; abrasive jet processing, abrasive water jet The emergence and development of a large number of new grinding technologies such as processing, viscoelastic abrasive flow honing, integral forming grinding, magnetic grinding, magnetic fluid precision grinding, low stress grinding, ultra high speed grinding and very low speed grinding Etc. is also a prominent aspect of the development of world grinding technology in recent years.
2. Transformation and adjustment into the main theme of industry development
At present, the global economy is in a period of decline. The economic cycle of different countries has both W-type and saw-down decline. Others are U-shaped through state regulation, and the economic boom and decline cycle depends on the environment and authorities of the world economy. Government policy regulation. In 2009, China's macro-control policies were magnificent and the results were outstanding. From the current national policy portfolio, it is more important to the construction of the people's livelihood security project, which will undoubtedly stimulate the recovery of the manufacturing and construction industries, and the abrasives industry attached to these two industries can overcome the difficulties. For this reason, companies may wish to make more efforts to serve these downstream enterprises. The Equipment Manufacturing Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan, which was introduced not long ago, pointed out that the equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry that provides technical equipment for various industries of the national economy. It has high correlation, strong employability and technical capital, and is an industrial upgrading and technological progress. The important guarantee and the concentrated expression of the country's comprehensive strength. To speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, it is necessary to rely on the national key construction projects to carry out large-scale technical equipment autonomy work on a large scale; increase investment in technological transformation, enhance the independent innovation capability of enterprises, substantially improve the basic supporting parts and basic technological level; accelerate the merger of enterprises Reorganization and product upgrading, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and comprehensively enhance the industrial competitiveness... Luo Mohui, CEO of Mould Network, expert member of Shenzhen Mould Technology Society and industry researcher of China International Economic Development Research Center, believes that the planning will be issued Driven by the development of many related sub-sectors, the abrasives industry is widely used as a basic industry in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries. The introduction of this revitalization plan will definitely drive the development of the abrasives industry and also New requirements are placed on the abrasives industry. The high quality and new varieties of the products have become the goal of the abrasives industry. The series of initiatives proposed in the plan for independent innovation, technological transformation, backward elimination, optimized layout, and promotion of structural adjustment and industrial upgrading are an inspiration for abrasives, especially when the industry is under the impact of the financial crisis. The adjustment of the series not only optimizes the entire industry, but also drives a new round of prosperity in the industry. Independent innovation, transformation and adjustment have always been the topic of discussion in the abrasives industry. Innovation can promote development, innovation can create brands, but the industry has been weak in this area. The introduction of this plan is not only for the abrasives industry. It is only an opportunity, but also a driving force. The advent of the financial crisis has made more companies realize that they cannot rely on past OEM sales and imitation sales as a way of survival. Only a solid product with unique characteristics can be firmly steadily in the market, so that the real promotion of industry development can be achieved. . Luo Baihui pointed out: Under the circumstances that the global financial crisis has not bottomed out and the surrounding trade frictions frequently occur, the abrasive abrasive manufacturers that specialize in export in the past must consider the seriousness of the shortage of international market demand and start to develop the domestic sales market. At present, the biggest problem in the grinding industry is the lack of demand and the frustration of exports. The second is the lack of innovation, the quality of market products is mixed, the traditional growth mode must be changed, and technological innovation is used to promote the rapid and healthy development of the industry. Abrasives as a "face" processing tool for hardware products has always affected the development of the entire hardware industry. In this global domino-style financial turmoil, the current domestic economy has already faced upgrading and transformation and restructuring.
Under this circumstance, enterprises have stepped up their internal strengths, adjusted their structure, and promoted transformation to become the main theme of the rapid development of the abrasives industry. Chen Hesheng, executive vice chairman of the Abrasives and Abrasives Branch, proposed that the country can reorganize in the industry, and the small factory will take stocks to form a large industrial group. This is not only controlled in terms of price and quantity, but also more powerful for the company. Deep Processing. Zhou Jinlong, deputy secretary-general of the Abrasives and Abrasives Branch, believes that there are many varieties of abrasives, such as ceramic grinding wheels, abrasive cloth sandpaper, solar cutting blades, semiconductors, etc. Enterprises must make their own products to make features and fine. Highlighting product quality and achieving differentiated production minimizes the low level of competition in terms of pure quantity and price. Luo Baihui said that abrasive abrasives, as industrial teeth, are important functional components and tools to support high-end machinery manufacturing and hardware products. They are the key products supported by the state. They must carry out technological transformations to improve the level of innovation, innovation and speed. The success rate, the introduction of domestic high-end testing equipment that can not be produced, enterprises should establish a user-oriented training and sales network, strengthen management information and fund management, try to improve the company's financial situation, ensure sufficient cash flow, and actively return to their own Accounts receivable and payment. Companies with good reputation and strength can use the adjustment of monetary and credit policies to plan and raise funds for the medium and long-term development of the company, absorb cheap technology and talents during the economic downturn, and digest and cultivate them to seek the next Greater economic cycle development.
3, environmental protection and low carbon into industrial development keywords
Under the impact of the international economic and financial crisis, all traditional industries are facing the pressure of industrial upgrading, that is, emissions and energy consumption. The national “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†emphasizes the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of economic growth mode characterized by “high investment, high consumption, high emissions, uncoordinated, difficult to recycle, low efficiencyâ€, and strives to build a conservation-oriented, environmentally-friendly and innovative type. The production of a strong country, the government's binding on energy, resources, sewage, etc. increased. While the production of abrasives is in the form of energy resources consumption and pollution emissions, the state must have some control; on the other hand, the pressure of energy, raw materials, transportation capacity, capital costs, etc., will reduce the profits of enterprises, and will also affect energy. Large consumers, including the grinding industry.
With UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon personally boarding the Arctic ultra-fast melting ice sheet and sending the world a catastrophic deterioration warning of the global environment, a new round of international agreement on carbon emissions and the revision of the Kyoto Protocol, The expansion of responsibilities and depth is being actively discussed internationally. The low-carbon economy has become a hot spot and has received much attention.
At present, the smelting of silicon carbide mainly has two factors: high single consumption, high emission of sulfur dioxide and COD. Therefore, it has always been regarded as an industry with “high pollution and high energy consumptionâ€, and has been restricted by the National Development and Reform Commission’s “Industrial Structure Adjustment Catalogue†as a restricted industry. The rapid development of the world industry and the booming of the solar economy have a deep dependence on the silicon carbide industry and a positive market pull. Silicon carbide is the “industrial tooth†and the total economic development “eye rain watchâ€. The former is rapidly Develop an important guarantee force. However, limited to energy consumption and environmental protection pressure, the industry has been greatly restricted. The main contradiction in the development of this industry. In the face of contradictions, there are two solutions: First, the industry shrinks, gradually out of the market, and second, solves the problem of high emissions and energy consumption, and the industry enters a benign development track. Exploring and practicing how to control silicon carbide smelting emissions and energy conservation is the only way for the industry to develop benign. As early as twenty years ago, the ancestors of the industry, such as a sand, began research and experimentation on the subject. One sand, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Sixth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry and other units have successively carried out tests and research on silicon carbide furnace gas recovery, and obtained preliminary research results. A large amount of first-hand research data has been accumulated. The data shows that in the process of silicon carbide smelting, the generated furnace gas can be collected and desulfurized and purified. At the same time, the collected furnace gas contains up to 85% of flammable carbon monoxide. This gas can be used not only as gas but also in the chemical industry. Carbon-chemical important chemical raw materials. Furnace gas recovery also reduces the direct combustion consumption of petroleum coke. Therefore, through the environmental protection of the furnace gas recovery, through the closed control of the furnace body and the recycling of the furnace gas to achieve a limited reduction in energy consumption per 10,000 yuan, the perfect way to explain the development of the industrial model industry of circular economy!
From the perspective of recent policies, the state will not reduce its environmental governance and control because of the economic downturn, which also highlights the government's determination to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading. In order to seek long-term development and support from national policies, the abrasives industry must work hard to make energy-saving and environmental protection articles, and seek to improve the use of clean energy and clean production technologies.
4. Marketing quality innovation into the driving force of enterprise development
More than 60% of abrasive enterprises rely on exports. From January to April 2009, artificial corundum exports 30,000 tons, silicon carbide exports 27,000 tons, down 80%-90%, and the company's operating rate is only 10%. Abrasive industry 90% of the furnaces are in a state of suspension, which is greatly affected by the financial crisis. Some enterprises have even experienced layoffs.相对æ¥è¯´ï¼Œç£¨å…·ä¼ä¸šå—金èžå±æœºå½±å“比较å°ï¼Œç£¨å…·çš„国内应用较多，金èžå±æœºæœŸé—´å›½å†…需求相对平稳。å¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œç£¨æ–™ä¼ä¸šåˆ©æ¶¦ä¸‹æ»‘主è¦æ˜¯å¸‚场需求出现了èŽç¼©ã€‚三磨所2009å¹´1—4月份，生产总值下滑了18%å·¦å³ï¼Œäº§å“广泛应用于汽车ã€ç”µåã€å®¶ç”µã€å·¥å…·ç‰é¢†åŸŸï¼Œæ±½è½¦å’Œç”µå领域的应用å 了80%。应对å±æœºé‡‡å–的措施主è¦æœ‰ä¸‰ä¸ªæ–¹é¢ï¼šä¸€æ˜¯åŠ 大è¥é”€åŠ›åº¦ï¼ŒäºŒæ˜¯æ高产å“è´¨é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œä¸‰æ˜¯è¿›è¡ŒæŠ€æœ¯åˆ›æ–°ï¼Œç€åŠ›æ高å‘展åŽåŠ²ã€‚æ—¥å‰ï¼Œå›½å®¶å‘改委批准了由三磨所牵头组织编写的河å—超硬ææ–™åŠåˆ¶å“区域特色高技术产业链总体方案和实施方案，çœå‘改委批准了ä¾æ‰˜ä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€çš„æ²³å—精密超硬æ料制å“工程实验室，申报工信部的é‡ç‚¹äº§ä¸šæŒ¯å…´ä¸ŽæŠ€æœ¯æ”¹é€ 项目ç‰ä¹Ÿåœ¨å®¡æ‰¹ä¸ï¼Œè¿™äº›å›½å®¶å’Œçœçº§çš„é‡å¤§é¡¹ç›®çš„实施将为三磨所的振兴å‘å±•å¥ å®šè‰¯å¥½åŸºç¡€ï¼Œä¸‰ç£¨æ‰€ä½œä¸ºé¾™å¤´ä¼ä¸šå°†ç»§ç»å¼•é¢†è¶…硬æ料行业的技术进æ¥ã€‚超硬æ料分会ã€è´¨æ£€ä¸å¿ƒå°±è¡Œä¸šå·¥ä½œå‘è°ƒç ”ç»„è¿›è¡Œäº†æ±‡æŠ¥å¹¶æ出了一些建设性æ„è§ã€‚å¾å°šæ–‡ä¸“务认为è¦å¤šä»Žè¡Œä¸šå…¨å±€å‡ºå‘，建议磨料磨具ä¼ä¸šç”³æŠ¥é¡¹ç›®æ—¶èƒ½è”åˆç›¸å…³é…套ä¼ä¸šä¸€èµ·ç”³æŠ¥é‡å¤§ä¸“项的分课题，æ¯ä¸ªå°è¡Œä¸šçš„é©æ–°å‘展都能带动整个系统的å‘展。这也符åˆå¸‚场导å‘，主机牵引的原则。在大课题ä¸æš‚未立项的，也å¯å…ˆæ交申请，在å‘改委备案，以期调整。ä¸å›½æœºåºŠå·¥å…·å·¥ä¸šå会副总编æ¨æ˜¥æž—建议，磨料磨具行业å¯ä»¥å¤šå€Ÿæœºå®£ä¼ å’ŒæŽ¨å¹¿è‡ªå·±ï¼Œç”¨ç§‘æ™®ç±»çš„æ–‡ç« å±•ç¤ºç£¨æ–™ç£¨å…·è¡Œä¸šçš„å‘展，让更多人走进和了解磨料磨具，以便争å–更多的政ç–扶æŒã€‚
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æ ¹æ®å›½é™…国内ç»æµŽé¢„测GDP分别增长3.7%(世界很行06.05.30)å’Œ10%å·¦å³çš„大的å®è§‚形势，以åŠå›½å®¶å¯¹ä¸ŠåŠå¹´ç»æµŽè¿‡çƒè€Œåœ¨ä¸‹åŠå¹´å¯¹å®è§‚调控å†ç´§ç¼°ç»³äº§ç”Ÿçš„å½±å“，并考虑行业目å‰è‡ªèº«å‘展动力ç‰ç»¼åˆåˆ†æžï¼Œé¢„计2010年行业ç»æµŽå¢žé•¿åº”ä¿æŒåœ¨10%以上，磨料产é‡åº”çªç ´100万å¨ï¼Œç£¨å…·äº§é‡åœ¨25万å¨å·¦å³ï¼Œäº§é”€å‡ä¿æŒå¢žé•¿è¶‹åŠ¿ï¼Œæ•ˆç›Šä¿æŒå¹³è¡¡å¢žé•¿ã€‚ The main issues that the abrasive industry is worth paying attention to are:
(1) Macroeconomic regulation and control must resolutely curb the blind expansion of high energy consumption, high pollution and overcapacity industries, and effectively focus on improving the quality and efficiency of the economy.
(2) It is necessary to speed up the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and effectively optimize the structure of import and export commodities. It is necessary to carry out the low-cost export of the products in the suppression industry, especially the abrasive industry.
(3) While optimizing exports, we must pay attention to actively expand domestic demand. China is currently one of the largest markets in the world, and the economy has grown at a rate of more than 10% for three consecutive years. In recent years, the import of industrial products has been increasing at a rate of 20-20% or more. All enterprises should strengthen their work in this respect and cooperate to develop alternative imported products.
(4) Production data will continue to increase in price. It is necessary to persist in efforts to tap potential savings and ensure the steady growth of economic performance and efficiency throughout the year.
In addition, the development strategy of the abrasives industry is information technology, technology integration, automation, intelligence, environmental protection, cost-effective, flexible and own corporate and product culture. It is the engineering project theory, integration technology, international and national laws and regulations and custom requirements, factory construction and management, modern information technology, corporate culture construction and other theories to study the implementation of the development of abrasives manufacturing enterprises. Ideas, methods and approaches.
Under the general trend of global economic integration, China's economy is closely related to the development of the global economy. Domestic and foreign markets are mutually integrated. Chinese abrasive abrasive enterprises must properly participate in international division of labor to meet international standards, international management, and national and regional Socialization requirements such as laws and regulations, and economic development levels in different regions, clear market positioning, that is, establish their own service areas and service targets, in order to establish the development scale, product technology orientation and characteristics within a certain period of time. The development of abrasives industry should use the concept of integration and integration, build on the concept of modern abrasives and abrasive enterprises, show the cultural connotation of the enterprise, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness and core competitiveness of the enterprise.从过去的仅è¦æ±‚满足产å“è¦æ±‚，æå‡åˆ°è¦æ±‚能整体满足节能环ä¿ã€åŠ³åŠ¨å®‰å…¨å«ç”Ÿã€çŽ°ä»£åŒ–生产管ç†ã€è¥é”€èŠ‚æ‹ã€ä¼ä¸šæ–‡åŒ–å’Œä¼ä¸šå½¢è±¡çš„一体化è¦æ±‚。 At the same time, according to the individualized characteristics of each abrasive abrasive enterprise, it is necessary to plan and determine the special adaptive production, management operation and corporate culture system of abrasive abrasive manufacturing enterprises. The company has specialized production technology, special products and specificity, determines the positioning of the company's products, and best guarantees the market demand for products.
(1) Target two markets and make full use of both resources. Guided by the needs of the international and domestic markets, focusing on the needs of existing and potential markets, we must not only focus on exploring the international market, but also give full play to the comparative advantages of Chinese abrasive abrasives in the international market. To expand the space for resource selection, we must make full use of our own resources and be good at using foreign resources to optimize the allocation of resources. The foreign resources that can be utilized mainly refer to advanced management concepts, management experience, product technology and professional talents. It is also necessary to meet the needs of the domestic market and establish its position in the domestic market. Complementing the two markets and coordinating balanced development.
(2) Highlight the sustainable development strategy. This is the strategic orientation of product development. Abrasives abrasives provide production and processing tools for other industries. The energy consumption and efficiency of various products directly affect the operational quality and product performance of related industries, and sustainable development has become a global consensus. Abrasives manufacturers have The utilization rate of resources and the degree of pollution to the environment will be one of the important factors determining the competitiveness of the market. Therefore, the abrasives manufacturers must especially emphasize the sustainable development strategy. Specifically, the technical level of the products provided should be continuously Approaching high efficiency, energy saving, material saving, water saving and less pollution-free realm, energy saving, green production and clean production.
(3) Good at using high technology to transform abrasive abrasive enterprises. The high-tech transformation of abrasives and abrasives production enterprises is roughly reflected in three aspects: promoting the upgrading of equipment products and developing new products; reforming the production methods of abrasives and abrasives, improving production efficiency, ensuring product quality; changing the management mode of enterprises and blocking management loopholes; Improve information response speed and reduce costs. For example, some enterprises have introduced network technology into enterprise management, enabling people, finance, materials, production, supply and sales departments to integrate with each other. China's abrasives and abrasives manufacturers can't follow the trend of their foreign counterparts, so they can only further increase the gap. They should make full use of the "post-effect" of economic development and the rapid development of information technology to provide rapid access to the global scope. The latest technology and knowledge opportunities, give play to the superiority of China's system can concentrate on doing big things, focus on the development of some key products and key enterprises, and gain leap-forward development.
(4), excellent support, there is a guarantee, and concentrate on doing a few important things that can be immediately seen. Abrasives abrasive enterprises have a wide range of connotations. With the existing economic strength and technical level of abrasive abrasives enterprises, it is impossible to fully attack and go hand in hand. Only a few key areas can be selected to achieve breakthroughs. The principle of selecting the key points should be: 1) the domestic market demand is large and important; 2) has a breakthrough driving effect on the development of the industry or has a large driving effect on the development of related industries; 3) the difficulty of introducing from abroad, non- Domestic independent research and development is not possible.
(5) Promote the development of large-scale and small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In the 21st century, it is necessary not only to cultivate a number of leading enterprises that have the strength to attack, the traction, and the ability to enter the international market, but also to take practical and feasible policies and measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with a strategic vision. A pattern of brilliance.
(6) The technology update mode should be based on the introduction of digestive imports and the introduction of independent innovation. The lack of independent research and development capability is the fundamental reason for the low competitiveness of the abrasives abrasives market and the lack of stamina for industrial development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, abrasive abrasive enterprises have not been able to get rid of the "replacement of imported digestive" technology update model, and must change to the "independent innovation" model. Without trying to change this situation, the development of abrasives manufacturing enterprises in China will become more and more difficult. This is because: First, the technology that replaces imported digestive types cannot be the most advanced, even if we master all the technologies, production. Abrasives that meet the market demand, but do not have independent intellectual property rights, once the market demand changes, they have to carry out a new round of introduction; Second, the abrasive grinding technology is getting faster and faster, the product life The shorter and shorter, the technology that replaces imported digestive type may not be digested and absorbed, and the products produced may not have been put into the market, and it has fallen behind.
(7) Implementing a major export strategy. At present, the general abrasive production capacity of ordinary abrasives is generally surplus, and it is more urgent and pragmatic to find a way out for our products. Abrasives and abrasive products are more suitable for the needs of developing countries in terms of price and technical level. Abrasives and abrasives can further improve product quality, diversify export products and diversify export areas, as long as they maintain the advantages of domestic brands. Still have great potential.
(8). Select and focus on the development of abrasive abrasives. In each period, a number of key abrasive abrasives involving huge demand were established, and joint research on production, learning, and research was organized to achieve limited goals and key breakthroughs.
(9) Establish a social service support system for abrasive abrasive production. Formulate relevant laws and regulations, train professional industry design institutes, associations, societies, chambers of commerce, firms and consulting agencies and other intermediary organizations to establish their prestige, clarify their responsibilities, standardize their operations, and play their data statistics, information collection, investigation and research, The role of technical consultation, normative design and development, project evaluation, inspection and supervision, and results promotion, and the establishment of a support service system for the society, service industry, and government assistance in the periphery of the abrasives industry.
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