Drainage and irrigation machinery is the main machinery used in agricultural mechanization and farmland water conservancy mechanization, and water pump is an important part of irrigation and drainage machinery, playing an important role in agricultural drought and drainage, ensuring increased yield and harvest. Correctly select the agricultural water pump and carry out necessary maintenance and maintenance of the agricultural water pump to make it work in an optimal state to ensure a bumper harvest of agriculture.
1. Model identification of agricultural water pumps
There are many types of pumps, and the new and old models coexist. The code number (usually Chinese pinyin letters) in the pump model is very different from the meaning of the numbers, so you should understand the meaning of the model and code before purchasing. The following is a description of the specific models of some common agricultural pumps.
1.150bpzcz-45 type bp-single suction centrifugal pump; z-self-priming; cz- directly connected to diesel engine; 45-lift (m).
1.2150s-50 type s-single stage double suction horizontal centrifugal pump; 150-inlet diameter (mm); 50 one head (m).
1.3wb40-40-105 (550b) wb-micro centrifugal pump; 40-inlet and drain diameter (mm); 105-blade diameter (mm); 550-motor power (w); b-single-phase electricity.
1.4q40-16-3 q-dry upper pump type submersible pump; 40-flow (m3/h); 16-head (m); 3-motor power (kw).
2. Construction and maintenance of agricultural water pumps
2.1 pump shaft
2.1.1 Function and structure. The function of the pump shaft is to transmit power and drive the impeller of the water pump. The pump shaft is generally supported by bearings. One end is equipped with a coupling or a pulley, and the impeller is fixed at the other end or in the middle. The axial pump shaft is relatively slender, and the contact surface with the rubber bearing and packing is plated with chrome or stainless steel sleeve to increase wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
2.1.2 Overhaul. After the pump runs for a period of time, the pump shaft will be bent and worn. The main reason is that the impeller assembly is unbalanced, the power shaft and the pump shaft are not concentric, the belt is pulled too tightly, the bearing installation is skewed, the lubrication is poor, etc., so that the pump shaft is worn out early or bending. After this phenomenon occurs, it should be repaired in time to ensure the normal operation of the pump, otherwise it will cause the imbalance of the rotor and the wear of the static and dynamic parts. After initial confirmation that the pump shaft is bent, it must be straightened or replaced.
2.2 Impeller
2.2.1 Function and structure. The function of the pump impeller is to transfer the mechanical energy of the power machine to the water and increase the energy of the water. The impeller consists of a blade and a hub. The impeller has a closed, semi-closed, open type.
2.2.2 Overhaul. The general cause of wear or damage of the impeller is that the impeller is unbalanced or improperly installed; because the pump shaft is bent, the pump shaft is not concentric with the power machine shaft, the impeller is broken, cavitation occurs, and a honeycomb cavity is generated. If the impeller wears too much or is damaged, the new impeller should normally be replaced.
2.3 pressurized water room
2.3.1 Function and structure. The function of the pressurized water chamber is to eliminate the rotational motion of the water and convert it into pressure energy to send the water to the outlet pipe or the lower impeller. The common pressurized water chambers of centrifugal pumps and mixed flow pumps are spiral, called volutes. The volute is generally a single-stage suction type, single-stage double-suction type, multi-stage medium-open type water pump. The water pump pressure chamber is composed of a volute and a vane body.
2.3.2 Inspection. Cracks may occur in the volute or vane due to excessive heat, pressure, or improper installation. In the part where the crack is not long and the sealing requirements are not strict, a small hole may be drilled at both ends of the crack so that the crack does not expand any more, as a temporary solution. Cold and hot welding shall be carried out on the parts with large cracks and strict sealing requirements.
In addition, during the operation of the pump, close attention should be paid to the mouth ring, bearing, elbow, shaft seal and other parts and devices, and the fault should be repaired in time to ensure the normal operation of the pump.
3. Maintenance of agricultural water pumps
(1) After the agricultural water pump is stopped, the remaining water in the water pump and the pipeline should be drained and cleaned, and the external soil should be cleaned at the same time, so as to prevent the water and ice from freezing and causing the pump body and the water pipe to burst.
(2) For the cast iron parts such as the metal bottom valve and elbow of the pump, the rust should be brushed with a wire brush, painted with anti-rust paint, and then painted, and then placed in a dry machine room or storage room for ventilation.
(3) Drive with belt. After the belt is removed, clean it with warm water, hang it in a dry place with no direct sunlight, and do not store it in places with oil, corrosives and smoke. Under no circumstances should the belt be stained with oil, diesel or gasoline. Do not apply rosin and other viscous materials to the belt. Before using the leather for years, be sure to thoroughly remove the white powder from the belt contact surface.
(4) Check the ball bearing, if the inner casing is worn, swayed, the ball is worn or the surface is spotted. Clean the bearings, grease, and refill the available gasoline or kerosene that does not need to be replaced.
(5) The screws and bolts to be removed should be cleaned with wire brush and diesel oil, and coated with oil or butter. Re-installed or wrapped in plastic cloth, or immersed in diesel oil to avoid rust or loss.
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Label: Identification and maintenance of agricultural water pumps
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