Forming the market, determining the electricity price mechanism, 13 years after the electricity reform, it is difficult to start

Abstract The power reform that has been stagnant for 13 years has finally ushered in icebreaking. Wang Yimin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the National Energy Administration, said recently that "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System" will be introduced soon. The industry believes that the slow progress of power reform has been mainly affected by the interests of all parties...
The power reform that has been stagnant for 13 years has finally ushered in icebreaking. Wang Yimin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the National Energy Administration, said recently that "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System" will be introduced soon. The industry believes that the slow progress of power reform has been mainly affected by the interests of all parties. From the perspective of this power reform, the power generation side and the power sales side form effective competition, open the on-grid price and sales price, and the market path of power reform. It has been clarified that power reform will not have a significant impact on electricity prices, given the current slowdown in power growth and low coal prices.

Forming a market to determine the price mechanism

As the vanguard of this year's energy system reform, a new round of power system reform began to brew in 2013, until December 31, 2014, the State Council executive meeting formally adopted the "new electricity reform" program. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council, mentioned in his government work report this year that "accelerating the reform of electricity, oil and gas, etc." and the term "system reform" in the energy sector entered the government work report for the first time. On March 5th, Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, also revealed that drug price reform and electricity price reform are being brewed.

Wang Yimin introduced that the power system reform focuses on solving the following problems: to restore the attributes of electric power products, to form a mechanism for determining electricity prices by the market, to guide the effective development and rational use of resources with price signals; to build a power market system and promote power resources to a greater extent. Optimize the allocation; support the development of clean energy and promote the optimization of energy structure; gradually break the monopoly, orderly liberalize the competitive business, mobilize the social investment, especially the enthusiasm of private capital, and promote the diversification of market entities; Decentralization and strengthening power planning.

The specific reform measures include establishing a market-oriented trading system, distinguishing between competitive and monopolistic links, forming effective competition on the power generation side and the power sales side, giving full play to the decisive role of market allocation resources; rationalizing the electricity price formation mechanism and gradually liberalizing the Internet The electricity price and the selling price of electricity separate the transmission and distribution price from the selling price.

Chen He, director of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Capital University of Economics and Business, pointed out that before the price of electricity in China was government pricing, it could not reflect the value of commodities and the supply and demand of the market, and it has not adapted to the development of the market economy. By advancing the electricity price reform, the power generation side and the power sales side form effective competition. Opening the on-grid electricity price and selling electricity price is conducive to the formation of market-based electricity prices and rationalizing the upstream and downstream price relations.

The game of interest leads to slow progress in reform

Electric power reform is a difficult "hard bone". As early as 2002, the State Council issued the "Power System Reform Plan", that is, "Document No. 5", which set "the separation of the plant and the network, the separation of the main and the auxiliary, the separation of the transmission and distribution, and the bidding." "The four steps of electricity reform. However, since the "separation of the factory network", China has encountered a large area of ​​"electricity shortage", and the pace of reform is facing stagnation.

An industry insider who asked not to be named revealed to the Beijing Business Daily that the slow progress of power reform in recent years is inseparable from the interest group game. Power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises are the two main affected groups of power reform, power grid enterprises. In the market monopoly position, through the "unified purchase and sale" can get rich profits, so the reform has not been very positive, and power generation companies have always wanted to promote power reform, to achieve bidding online, so that according to market price fluctuations and coal The price is linked to reduce corporate losses. Lin Boqiang, director of the China Energy Economic Research Center of Xiamen University, pointed out that the electricity price reform has not made significant progress, and the interest group game is part of it, but the most important thing is that the conditions are not yet mature.

Many of the No. 5 documents in 2002 were borrowed from foreign countries, and their operability was relatively low. The most important thing was that China’s electricity demand had been growing rapidly and coal prices were rising. These factors were not conducive to promoting power reform. At present, power demand has stabilized, coal prices have continued to slump, and power reforms will not cause large price fluctuations.

"This reform has not further split the power grid, and the profit model of buying electricity and selling electricity to obtain the difference between the purchase and sale of electricity is changed to the regulation of total revenue of the grid enterprises, emphasizing the channel function of the grid, which is equivalent to opening up the market of buyers and sellers. Separating the sales side from the grid has laid the foundation for the reform of transmission and distribution prices, on-grid tariffs, and sales tariffs," Lin Boqiang said.

Reform will not have a significant impact on electricity prices

Although the power reform opinion is about to be released, Wang Yimin also pointed out that in light of China's national conditions and the actual power industry, the construction of the power market should be promoted in accordance with the overall design, step-by-step implementation, pilot implementation, and steady advancement. On the one hand, it is necessary to standardize all kinds of existing transactions, including direct transactions of large electric power users, cross-provincial energy trading, power generation rights trading, and auxiliary service compensation mechanisms, etc., and promptly revise and improve relevant market trading rules and rules, and expand the scale of transactions. On the other hand, it is necessary to actively carry out pilots of trading mechanisms that can form effective market price signals, and promote the establishment of a market-oriented mechanism that is conducive to optimal allocation of resources.

The core of the power system reform is electricity price reform, and the most critical part of the electricity price reform is the transmission and distribution price. On the New Year's Day this year, Shenzhen Electric Power Reform started, Inner Mongolia has also become the country's second transmission and distribution price reform test field, and then the mature Yunnan Power Grid is likely to be short-listed.

Professor Zeng Ming of North China Electric Power University believes that the important significance of Shenzhen's power reform is to determine a new model for the grid's permitted revenue. Thereafter, the pilots in Inner Mongolia and other places, as well as the electricity reforms that will be rolled out nationwide in the future, will follow this model.

In Lin Boqiang's view, it is necessary to be soberly aware that the introduction of power reform opinions does not mean that it will be fully implemented. Now Shenzhen is piloting the reform of transmission and distribution prices. With the introduction of opinions, it is expected that Shenzhen's reform is expected to accelerate for the future. Accumulate experience in the promotion or expansion. At present, it is the best time to promote electricity price reform. At present, China's power generation is mainly based on thermal power, while coal prices are low. The realization of on-grid electricity prices may not push up electricity prices, and may even cause electricity prices to fall. For the people, the government and enterprises. acceptable.

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