The effect of humidity on plastics:
Considering the humidity factor, under the condition of relative humidity greater than 80%, the moisture in the air penetrates into the material or forms a water film on the surface of the plastic , thus reducing the performance of the plastic; when the relative humidity in the air is less than 50%, the plastic The water contained in the water will evaporate into the air, which will also change the properties of the plastic, making some plastics brittle and cracking.
The effect of humidity on the properties of plastics is primarily the process of penetration into the absorption process. At present, there are two main researches on the influence of humidity on the structure and mechanical properties of plastics. On the one hand, the deformation and residual stress caused by the expansion caused by humidity are studied, including the study of moisture penetration, diffusion and moisture by constitutive or numerical simulation. Structural stress and interfacial stress caused by uneven content; on the other hand, the effects of humidity and temperature on physical properties of plastics, such as physical properties such as strength, density, modulus, and lifetime.
The effect of ambient humidity on the mechanical properties of plastics is significant. Plastics that normally absorb moisture are polar materials. These materials usually form some kind of bond. This bond is most likely a hydrogen bond. Materials such as nylon are the material. On the other hand, moisture does not contribute to polyethylene or Teflon, and the properties of these plastics are almost inert to changes in ambient humidity.
The effect of humidity on the mechanical properties of nylon:
Nylon material is a high semi-crystalline thermoplastic with good physical and mechanical properties and is used in many industries. At the same time, all nylons are hygroscopic (humidity sensitive). This factor needs attention when selecting materials, designing plastic parts, predicting and optimizing mechanical properties.
Some experts have conducted extensive research on the hygroscopicity of nylon 66. It is found that the hardness of nylon 66 has a simple linear relationship with the absorbed water content, and it is determined that the lubrication of nylon to moisture mainly depends on the plasticization of the thin surface layer of nylon.
He proposed that the plasticization of the polymer occurs at two extreme conditions: a reduction in shear strength and an increase in the contact area of ​​the polymer material in contact with other surfaces. He suggested that the increase in the area of ​​the area would have a significant effect on the weakening of the lubrication.
Experiments on humidity and temperature have shown that absorbing moisture can increase the impact strength of pure resin and glass fiber reinforced nylon 6/12. For glass fiber reinforced nylon samples that have been subjected to wet heat cycling and dried after each cycle, the impact strength does not change significantly. .
Hydrolysis can significantly increase the toughness of the nylon, and the opposite loss of moisture can cause the nylon material to become brittle. Studies have found that hydrolysis increases surface defects and affects the interface between the fiber and the matrix. He points out that the expansion of surface defects and the degradation of the fiber-matrix interface lead to a reduction in impact properties. High temperature accelerates the hydrolysis of nylon and has been used in accelerated aging tests. At the same time, after the nylon absorbs moisture, the temperature is not a single factor that increases the aging rate, but an increase in temperature increases this rate.
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