Traditional techniques make graphene a new material with bone implantability

Traditional techniques make graphene a new material with bone implantability

Research from Rice University scientists showed that the solid sheets of graphene welded together can be used as materials for orthopaedic implants. Puiceel Ajayan, a Texas laboratory scientist at Rice Labs, and colleagues used spark plasma sintering to weld thin sheets of graphene oxide to form a porous solid that is comparable in biocompatibility to titanium, a standard bone substitute material. This finding was published in "Advanced Materials" magazine.

Researchers believe that their technology makes use of graphite molds to produce highly complex shapes of graphene in a matter of minutes, making bit metal processing easier.

"We began to think about whether this could be used for bone implantation because graphene is one of the most interesting materials with many possibilities. It is generally biocompatible," said Rice postdoctoral research assistant Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Dibyendu Chakravarty. The co-first author, he came from the Powder Metallurgy New Materials direction at the Hyderabad Research Center in India. "Four things are important: mechanical properties, density, porosity, and biocompatibility."

Tiwary said that spark plasma sintering is used industrially to make complex parts, typically for ceramics. "This technology uses a high instantaneous pulse current in the solder pad. You only need high voltage, no high voltage or high temperature," he said. Nearly 50% of the material is porous, the density is half that of graphite, and it is one quarter of that of metallic titanium. But it has enough compressive strength -40 MPa - which allows it to be used as a bone implant, he said. The bond between the lamellae keeps it from disintegrating in water.

"This example illustrates the possibility of using non-conventional materials in combination with traditional technologies," Ajayan said. "However, these transitions can only be used to make 3D solids such as 2D graphene layers with appropriate density and strength."

“The engineering challenges and strong interface between nanometer bricks are the biggest challenges in achieving these goals, but in this case, spark plasma sintering appears to be an effective means of generating a three-dimensional model of graphene sheets,” he said.

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