First, the requirements of metal smelting
In smelting, a variety of solid metal charge Qk steel, pig iron, recycled materials, ferroalloys, non-ferrous metals are evenly proportioned and loaded into the corresponding furnace for heating and melting. Through metallurgical reactions, they are transformed into chemical compositions and temperatures. The requirements for liquid metal smelting that meets the requirements of casting molding:
1 to ensure the chemical composition and material properties of molten metal;
2 ensure that the metal fluid has enough temperature (overheating)
; 3 to ensure the quantity of metal liquid (quality); 4 to ensure low energy consumption, low cost; 5 to ensure low noise, low pollution
Second, the classification of smelting and the requirements for smelting equipment
1. Classification of smelting 1 Classification by smelting metal: cast iron smelting, cast steel smelting and non-ferrous metal smelting; 2 categorized by furnace: cupola smelting, electric arc furnace smelting, induction furnace smelting, kiln furnace smelting
2. Requirements for smelting equipment The outstanding problems in the smelting of non-ferrous alloys are that the elements are easily oxidized and the alloy can easily inhale. In order to obtain high-quality alloys with low gas content, low inclusions, uniform chemical composition, and qualified, as well as high-quality, high-yield, low-consumption production of non-ferrous alloy castings such as aluminum, copper, and magnesium, the basic requirements for smelting equipment are: 1 The size of the production unit, the type of casting alloy and the casting method, the unit production area is small, the equipment cost is low, and it is easy to save the production cost; 2 is conducive to the rapid melting and heating of the metal charge, the melting speed is fast, the melting time is short, the elements are burned and Less inhalation, less oxidation impurities in alloy liquid; 3 Low consumption of fuel and electric energy, uniform temperature in the molten pool, easy to control, high thermal efficiency and production efficiency, long service life of mandarin and lining: 4 Easy to operate, furnace temperature is easy to regulate and control, Furnace The internal water vapor partial pressure is as low as possible, the furnace atmosphere can be adjusted, the work hygiene conditions are good, the environmental pollution is small, the noise is small, the combustion exhaust gas is less, and it is easy to organize production and management.
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