Selection, Measurement, and Application Criteria for Radial and Axial Clearance of Bearings

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Bearings are essential components in mechanical systems, and their performance is heavily influenced by the clearance between their internal parts. Clearance refers to the movement that one ring (either inner or outer) can have relative to the other when the bearing is not mounted on a shaft or housing. This movement can occur in either the radial or axial direction, and thus, it is classified into radial clearance and axial clearance. Radial clearance is the amount of play between the inner and outer raceways in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation, while axial clearance is the movement along the axis. These clearances play a crucial role in determining the bearing's performance, including its lifespan, noise level, vibration, and temperature rise during operation. When measuring bearing clearance, it is important to apply a standard load to ensure accurate and stable readings. The measured value, known as the theoretical clearance, may be slightly larger than the actual clearance due to the elastic deformation caused by the applied load. However, for roller bearings, the internal clearance is typically defined by this theoretical value. The clearance after installation—known as the "device clearance"—is adjusted based on the interference fit between the bearing and the shaft or housing. Additionally, thermal expansion or contraction due to temperature changes affects the clearance, leading to what is called the "useful clearance." When the bearing is under load, the working clearance is calculated as the useful clearance plus the elastic deformation caused by the load. It is generally recommended that the working clearance be zero or slightly positive to maximize the bearing’s fatigue life. If the working clearance becomes slightly negative, the bearing life is maximized, but as the negative clearance increases, the life decreases significantly. Therefore, most applications require the working clearance to be at least neutral or slightly positive. In some cases, such as when higher rigidity or reduced noise is required, a slight negative clearance may be preferred. Conversely, if the bearing experiences rapid temperature increases, a positive clearance is necessary to prevent excessive friction and overheating. Understanding and properly selecting the clearance of a bearing is vital to ensuring optimal performance and longevity in any mechanical system. Whether you're working with deep groove ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, or spherical roller bearings, careful consideration of clearance is essential for reliable operation.

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**Recommended Articles:** - HRB Spherical Roller Bearings: Heat Treatment Process and Application Techniques - FAG Bearing Life and Reliability Requirements - NSK Imported Bearings: Inner Ring Fixing Method for Tapered Roller Bearings (Model 3984/20) This article is sourced from China Bearing Network. For more information, visit [www.bearingnetwork.com](http://www.bearingnetwork.com). Previous: Definition of Bearing Life Next: Substantial Noise in FAG Bearings (Part 2)

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