Safety precautions for lifting operations

The lifting operation in the construction industry involves a wide range, the construction environment is complex, there is a high probability of group, multi-layer, and three-dimensional operations, construction is dangerous, and carelessness can cause accidents. In the construction industry's accidents over the years, lifting injuries accounted for a considerable proportion. Workers often say: "The danger is not terrible. The horrible thing is that we don't know the danger." How to detect dangers and hidden dangers in lifting operations? Take targeted preventive measures to avoid or reduce injury accidents in lifting operations. It is not only the desire of the employees but also an important part of the safety management of the construction industry. According to the author 's experience in lifting work for more than 20 years, the issues to be noted in the safety aspects of lifting operations are:

1 . Safety station

In the lifting operation, some positions are very dangerous. For example, under the derrick, under the unloading object, in the front area where the unloading object is lifted, the guide pulley wire rope triangle area, the fast rope around, standing on the inclined pulling hook or guide pulley force Directions, etc. If you are in these locations, it is extremely difficult for you to avoid them. Therefore, the position of the lifting crew is very important. Not only do they have to pay attention to it, but they also need to remind each other and check the implementation to prevent any accidents.

2 . Slings have a small safety factor

In hoisting operations, the safety factor of slings is misunderstood and the selection is often based on continuous use, resulting in overweight operations that are always in a dangerous state.

3 . Lack of foreseeable factors in demolition operations

Due to various reasons, such as inaccurate estimates of objects ( increase in load , etc. ) , cutting is not complete, there are many pull-ups, the disassembled parts are squeezed to increase the load, the connection parts are not found to be forced to lift, etc., resulting in cranes, slings, etc. Sudden load impact caused accidents.

4 . Misoperation

Lifting operations involve large areas and often use different units and different types of cranes. The daily operation habits of cranes are different, and their performance is different. Coupled with the difference in command signals, accidents such as misoperation are likely to occur.

5 . Lashing is not strong

When the high-lift crane is dismantled, the “unlocked” measures are not taken for the suspended objects, but the method of “pocket” is adopted; for the sharp edges and corners of the suspended objects, no “cushion” measures are taken, and the bundled materials are not tied tightly vertically. As a result, the hanging object flutters in the air and crashes or falls or "lots".

6 . Roller rope is not tight

Large pieces of lifting dismantling, cranes or motor winding machine winding drum rope loosely arranged, resulting in a large load fast rope into the rope, causing fast rope severe jitter, easily unstable, the results often appear to continue to work dangerous, stop Unable to stop the embarrassing situation.

7 . Temporary hanging nose welding is not strong

(1) Temporary hanging nose welding strength is not enough. The welding strength mentioned here is not enough because it means that the surface of the welding base metal is rusted and the rust spot is not completely removed before welding. This causes the appearance of the welding meat to be beautiful and substantial, but the actual welding of the meat and the base metal does not melt together and the load increases or suffers. Impact, it will break.

(2) The nasal suction force is single direction. When lifting or tilting a long cylindrical object, as the angle of the object changes, the force direction of the hanging nose is also changing. This situation is considered insufficiently in the design and welding of the hanging nose, resulting in a defective hanging nose. sudden break in the lifting operation (snapping). In this kind of situation, it is necessary to weld the standing board on both sides of the hanging nose in advance, and the thickness of the standing board is preferably designed by a technician.

(3) The nose welding material does not conform to the parent metal and the informal welder welds.

8 . Inappropriate selection of lifting tools or lifting points

The lack of theoretical calculations for erecting lifting tools or the use of pipelines, structures, etc. as lifting points, and the estimation of experience for hoisting tools or pipelines or structure hangers have insufficient bearing capacity or insufficient local bearing capacity. One site is unstable and causes overall collapse.

9 . Unreasonable selection of pulleys and ropes

When setting up lifting tools, the lack of understanding of the changes in the force of the ropes caused by the change of the angle of the fast rope between the pulley and the pulley has been insufficient. The tonnage of the guide pulley has been selected to be too small, the rope of the pulley has been selected too thinly, and the rope is broken after the overload. fly.

10 . No-load slings with accidental pockets

There are many accidents that happen. The lifting work is over. When the hook is running with an empty rope, the slings in the free state hang and pull the hooked objects or other objects that have been hooked. If the commander fails to respond in time, an immediate accident has occurred, and this kind of accident has very bad consequences for the operator and the crane .

11 . Lifting construction plan is out of step with actual operation

The main manifestations are incomplete content, lack of necessary data or construction methods that are inconsistent with the actual operation conditions, so that the construction plan becomes a shield against higher level inspection and clearance, and does not play a role in guiding the construction.

12 . The air suspension has not been sealed for a long time.

Some equipment or components need to be suspended in the air and fixed in place due to installation process requirements. Some suspensions stay in the air for a long time. If there are no safety insurance ropes, they will be subjected to unexpected vibrations, shocks, or welding lines. Such injuries will cause severe consequences of falling objects.

13 . Unclear process handover or multi-unit construction process balance loopholes

If a certain structure or platform is demolished but it is unclear how to handle the shift from work, whether or not Zhang San’s shed is capable of master Wang 5 does not know that A’s unit cut off the platform beam and B’s unit continues to put heavy objects on the platform, causing temporary support overload. . The result is that the problem has occurred and it is not yet known what happened.

14 . The construction is busy enough to confirm the progress

The underground station did not conduct underground consultation; before the operation, the weight of the lifting object was not confirmed, and the hidden dangers such as high-voltage lines, operating equipment, and leakage points of coal-oxygen pipelines in the surrounding environment and the safety warning signs of the owner’s unit were not discovered in time and they suffered major losses. .

15 . Use hanging furniture with "faults"

In order to save time, some people use the ropes and buckles to find them. They do not know that these are used as scraps of ropes thrown by others. Some have suffered internal injuries, some have retreated, and others have used electric welding. These problems and problems are not easy. Check out; some are willing to buy cheaper pulleys, rings, and other unqualified spreaders cheaper, so that workers work in fear. In order to ensure the safety of construction, please do not use the rope clasps thrown by others, and cut off the string of ropes that have been scrapped in time to prevent misuse by others. Do not purchase spreaders produced by informal manufacturers.

16 . Use twine as a safety rope

Because the bearing performance of the twine is far less than that of the steel rope, and the hemp rope is vulnerable to damage and reduces the tensile force in the daily custody and use, the use of the hemp rope as a safety rope does not have a safety effect, but causes people to have psychological according to

17 . No warning zone

Large-scale hoisting and dangerous areas under high-altitude operations did not promptly set up safety warning areas and arrange for safety guardians, which led to the accidents of others entering the dangerous area.

18 . The crane's long arm weights are not good for the "brake lever"

When the crane arm lifts the heavy object, due to the “brake” under the arm of the crane, the vertical line between the head and the weight center of gravity will change. If the lifting rod is not adjusted correctly, it will cause the heavy object to shift instantaneously, such as operation. If people are not thoughtful and do not take evasive measures ( especially in the air ) , it may be an accident.

19 . Two cars are lifted and flipped.

Because the center of gravity in the rollover is changing, if the calculations are not accurate, it is particularly prone to cause an overload and instability of one of the cranes. If problems occur, this not only threatens people's safety, but also has huge mechanical and economic losses. There have been profound lessons in history. It needs special attention from construction and technical personnel.

20 . Work in hazardous areas did not take necessary precautions

For example, when working on overhead cranes, contact the driver of the crane in advance to confirm that the crane driver is not enough or because of an error in the busy operation of the crane driver. As a result of the failure to take warning signs, warning lights, and vehicle settings, the overhead crane suddenly appeared. Staff escaped from accidents.

21 . Insufficient consideration of climate impact

Lifting equipment such as gantry cranes that have not been installed in the open has not taken reliable sealing measures. The tower crane hooks suspended in use have not been raised to a safe position or anchored to lighter weights. A wind blow may cause accidents. Sometimes a sudden storm occurs to make the power supply short circuit. It is too late to lift the hook. Therefore, it is very important to develop good construction habits. In addition, wind-day large-scale hoisting must consider the factors that affect the wind load on the crane. Do not operate if there is danger or the wind exceeds safety regulations.

In summary, lifting operations involve various aspects such as construction organization, job design, program development, machine tool selection, personnel operation skills, construction experience, cooperation and mutual protection, multi-type cooperation, environmental characteristics, and climatic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job. The safety work in the lifting operation needs to be highly valued in all aspects such as construction management and personnel operation, and it must be handled in strict accordance with science.

As a lifting operator, in addition to the strict implementation of relevant regulations, it is necessary to delve into operating techniques, sum up experiences and lessons in a timely manner, and improve the ability to prevent accidents. In the specific operation, attention must also be paid to each person’s construction experience, operation skills, and knowledge. Differently, judging the dangers and hidden dangers in lifting operations is also different, so mutual cooperation and mutual protection plays an important role in lifting operations. In the meantime, we must vigorously promote the use of one more sentence, extend the number one leader, and provide more suggestions. At a critical moment, a word, a leader, a proposal can often avoid an accident in a timely manner.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.