A typical flexible manufacturing system consists of digitally controlled processing equipment, material storage and transportation systems, and information control systems. The processing equipment mainly uses machining centers and CNC lathes. The former is used for machining box and plate parts, while the latter is used for machining shaft and disc parts. The FMS used in the production of medium and large batches of small varieties often uses a machining center with a replaceable headstock for higher production efficiency.
The materials handled by the storage and handling system are blanks, workpieces, tools, fixtures, gages and chips. The methods for storing materials are flat pallet pallets and ramp-type warehouses with large storage capacity.
The blanks are typically loaded into the fixture on the pallet by the worker and stored in a specific area of ​​the automated warehouse, which is then sent to the designated station by the automated handling system in accordance with the instructions of the material management computer. The fixed-track trolley and the transfer raceway are suitable for arranging the FMS of the equipment in the order of the process, and the order of automatically guiding the conveyance of the trolley is independent of the arrangement position of the equipment, and has greater flexibility.
Industrial robots can transport and load workpieces from 1 to 4 machine tools within a limited range. For larger workpieces, pallet automatic exchange devices (APCs) are often used for transmission. Robots that run on rails can also be used to complete workpieces. Transfer and handling.
The worn tool can be removed one by one from the magazine, or the spare library can replace the magazine filled with the tool to be changed. The jaws of the lathe chuck, special clamps and the headstock of the special machining center can also be replaced automatically. The chip transport and handling system is a necessary condition to ensure the continuous normal operation of the FMS. Generally, the economical structural scheme is selected according to the shape, the elimination amount and the processing requirements of the chips.
The FMS information control system has many structural forms, but generally adopts a hierarchical control system. The first level is the computer numerical control device (CNC) of each process equipment, which realizes the control of each oral process; the second level is the group control computer, which is responsible for allocating information such as production plan and numerical control instruction from the third-level computer to The numerical control devices of the equipment in the first level report their operation status information to the upper computer at the same time; the third level is the main computer (control computer) of the FMS, whose function is to formulate the production operation plan and implement the management of the FMS operation state. And the management of various data; the fourth level is the management computer of the whole plant.
Software with perfect performance is the basis for implementing FMS functions. In addition to the system software that supports computer work, the number is more specialized application software developed according to the use requirements and user experience, and generally includes control software (control machine tool, material storage and transportation). Systems, inspection equipment and monitoring systems), planning management software (scheduling management, quality management, inventory management, tooling management, etc.) and data management software (simulation, retrieval and various databases).
In order to ensure continuous automatic operation of the FMS, the tool and the cutting process must be monitored. Possible methods are: measuring the current power output from the spindle motor of the machine tool, or the torque of the spindle; using the sensor to pick up the signal of the tool break; using the contact probe directly Measure the tool's blade size or the workpiece's working surface size; accumulate the tool's cutting time for tool life management. In addition, contact probes can be used to measure machine tool thermal deformation and workpiece mounting errors and compensate for them accordingly.
The flexible manufacturing system can be divided into linear type, cyclic type, network type and unit type according to the relationship between the machine tool and the handling system. The manufacturing system with less variety of workpieces and less flexibility requires a linear layout. Although the processing order cannot be changed, the management is easy; the unit type has greater flexibility and is easy to expand, but the programming of the scheduling operation is more complicated.
In the future, flexible manufacturing systems will develop flexible manufacturing units and small FMSs for various process contents; improve the automation functions of FMS; expand the content of FMS operations, and combine them with computer-aided design and auxiliary manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM). The development of the entire automation plant.
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