Jade, also known as jadeite, is a precious gemstone that comes in two main colors: emerald green (called "Cui") and red (called "Fei"). The name "jadeite" originates from the bird's name, as the male feathers are red, resembling the "Ostrich," while the female feathers are green, similar to the "Kingfisher." Together, they are referred to as "jadeite." Jadeite was introduced to China during the Ming Dynasty from Myanmar, and it was named after its resemblance to jade.
**Jadeite Grade Identification**
To determine the grade of jadeite, you can use a fluorescent lamp. A-grade jade remains unchanged under UV light, while B-grade jade appears white and fluorescent. C-grade jade, which has been dyed, shows uneven color distribution along cracks, making it easier to spot with the naked eye. Here’s a breakdown:
- **A-grade**: Natural jade that hasn’t undergone any chemical treatment or artificial coloring.
- **B-grade**: Bleached and resin-injected jade, enhancing transparency and color.
- **C-grade**: Dyed jade, often colored with organic or inorganic dyes.
- **B+C-grade**: Treated with both bleaching, resin injection, and artificial dyeing.
When evaluating jadeite, color is the most important factor. A good color should be: **true, vivid, bright, and even**.
- **True**: Pure green without mixed tones. For example, oil green may have blue undertones, which reduces its value.
- **Vivid**: The depth of the green color should ideally be between 70% and 80%. Too intense (like 90%) can appear dull.
- **Bright**: Refers to the clarity and vibrancy of the green. Bright greens like parrot green or spinach green are considered fresh and lively.
- **Even**: Color distribution should be uniform. High-quality jade typically has consistent color across the piece.
The best quality jade is pure green, with a vibrant, evenly distributed color—often referred to as "old pit" jade.
**Transparency**
Jadeite is a polycrystalline material, so it is mostly translucent or opaque. Unlike single-crystal gems like emeralds, it doesn't allow light to pass through freely, giving it a more subtle appearance.
**Structure**
This refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of the crystal particles within the jade. It’s often called the "base" or "ground."
**Clarity**
Like other gemstones, clarity plays a major role in determining value. Common impurities include black and white spots. Black spots tend to have a greater negative impact on value than white ones.
**Cut**
Jade can be cut into two types: **finished pieces** and **carved pieces**. Finished pieces require high-quality raw material and are more expensive, especially if they are free of cracks. Carved pieces can hide imperfections through design.
**Cracks**
Cracks significantly reduce the value of jadeite, especially for high-grade pieces. Using a flashlight or UV light can help detect them.
**Economic Evaluation Factors**
1. **Transparency**: Translucent is ideal; too transparent or too opaque is less valuable.
2. **Structure**: Finer grains mean better quality.
3. **Clarity**: Clear and free of impurities is best.
4. **Cut**: Well-designed, polished, and stylish cuts add to the value.
**How to Identify the Grade of Jade**
Here are some general grading categories:
- **Special Grade**: Bright green (emerald green), glass-like texture, no impurities or cracks.
- **Commodity Grade**: Green or oil green, slightly transparent, with veins or spots.
- **General Grade**: Light green, semi-transparent, often used for jewelry.
**Quality Identification Tips**
1. **Texture**: Natural jade feels oily and lustrous, with a slightly rounded, fibrous structure.
2. **Hardness**: Natural jade has a Mohs hardness of 7. A sharp tool won’t scratch it, while fake jade will show marks.
3. **Color**: Under strong light, natural jade may show tiny green flecks (called "green flowers"), which fakes lack.
4. **Specific Gravity**: Natural jade is dense and produces a crisp sound when tapped, while fakes are lighter and sound dull.
5. **Color Consistency**: Authentic jade has a clean, pure green. Fakes may look muddy or have unnatural color distribution.
To test for authenticity, place the jade in boiling wax. If it’s fake, the pigment will gradually leach out.
Under a Selsey filter, real "Cui" color turns purple, while natural color stays the same.
Some fake jade is made from glass, which is less dense, has bubbles, and sounds hollow when struck.
**Fake Jade: Malay Cui (Jade)**
This imitation has a beautiful green color but can be identified by a magnifying glass. It shows a fishnet-like pattern inside, with green lines and white mesh, unlike the smooth, irregular green found in real jade.
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