Jade, also known as jadeite, is a precious gemstone that comes in two main colors: emerald green (called "Cui") and red (called "Fei"). The name "jadeite" is derived from the name of a bird whose feathers are vibrant. Male birds have red feathers, known as "ostrich," while females have green feathers, known as "kingfisher." Together, these birds inspired the term "jadeite." Jadeite was introduced to China during the Ming Dynasty from Myanmar, and it was named after the word "jade."
**Jadeite Grade Identification**
To identify the quality of jadeite, you can examine it under a fluorescent lamp. Natural jade (A-grade) will not change color, while B-grade jade (bleached and filled) may appear white or fluorescent. C-grade jade, which has been artificially dyed, often shows uneven color distribution along cracks. This can be observed with the naked eye.
- **A-grade jade**: Naturally occurring, untreated, and retains its original color and structure.
- **B-grade jade**: Treated with acid and filled with resin to improve transparency and color.
- **C-grade jade**: Dyed using organic or inorganic dyes, resulting in an artificial appearance.
- **B+C-grade jade**: A combination of both acid treatment and dyeing.
When evaluating jadeite, color is the most important factor. The ideal color should be:
- **Pure (Positive)**: The hue should be true green without mixing with other colors like blue or yellow.
- **Intense (Concentrated)**: The best emerald green should be between 70% and 80% saturation. Too much color can look unnatural.
- **Bright (Yang)**: The color should be vivid and lively. Bright greens like parrot green or boxwood green are highly valued.
- **Even (Uniform)**: The color should spread evenly across the stone. High-quality jade rarely has a perfectly uniform color.
The best jade is pure, vibrant, and evenly colored — this type is commonly referred to as "old pit jade."
**Transparency**
Jadeite is made up of interlocking crystals, so it is usually translucent or opaque. Unlike single-crystal gems like emeralds, it doesn’t allow light to pass through freely.
**Structure**
This refers to the grain size, shape, and arrangement of the crystals in the jade. It’s often called the "base" or "ground" of the jade.
**Clarity**
Like other gemstones, clarity affects value. Black specks or white spots (called "flowers") can reduce the beauty of the jade. Black flowers are more noticeable than white ones.
**Cut**
Jade products are divided into two types: "light body" and "flower pieces." Light body items require high-quality raw material and must be free of cracks. Flower pieces can hide imperfections with carving.
**Cracks**
Cracks significantly reduce the value of jadeite, especially for high-grade stones. A flashlight can help detect cracks easily.
**Economic Evaluation Factors**
1. **Transparency**: Translucent is best; too transparent or too opaque reduces value.
2. **Structure**: Finer particles mean better quality.
3. **Clarity**: Clear, impurity-free jade is most valuable.
4. **Cut**: Well-designed, polished, and fashionable cuts add to the value.
**How to Identify the Grade of Jade?**
- **Special Grade**: Bright green (emerald green), glassy texture, no impurities or cracks.
- **Commodity Grade**: Slightly transparent, with green veins or spots.
- **General Grade**: Opaque, used mainly for jewelry.
**Quality Identification Tips**
1. **Texture**: Natural jade has a smooth, oily luster with visible microcrystals.
2. **Hardness**: Natural jade has a Mohs hardness of 7. Fake jade is softer and can be scratched easily.
3. **Color**: Natural jade has tiny green flecks under strong light. Fakes lack this.
4. **Specific Gravity**: Natural jade is dense and produces a crisp sound when tapped. Fakes are lighter and sound dull.
5. **Color Consistency**: Authentic jade has even, natural color. Fakes often show messy or uneven color patterns.
To test fake jade, you can place it in hot wax. The dye may bleed out, revealing the fake nature. Under a sapphire filter, natural green turns purple, while fake green remains unchanged.
Some fakes are made from glass or plastic, with a uniform green color and bubbles. They also produce a dull sound when struck.
**Fake Jade (Malay Cui)**
This imitation looks similar to high-quality jade but can be identified under magnification. It shows a fishnet-like pattern with green lines and white spaces, unlike the natural, irregular green in real jade.
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