A spring design that achieves a low spring constant can be constructed with a desired low spring constant by designing an auxiliary air chamber. In combination with the height control valve, the height of the spring is kept consistent in the railway rolling stock. It is required to maintain the height of the vehicle body within a certain range from the height of the platform and the height of the vehicle's side hook, without being restricted by the passengers. According to this regulation, the coil spring cannot reduce the spring constant. In an air spring having a height control valve, since the spring height can be kept constant by controlling the amount of air, a spring with a low spring constant can be used to maintain the height of the spring.
Excellent performance of blocking high-frequency vibration The structure of the coil spring causes the pulsation of the spring (spring vibration related to the mass of the spring) to cause high-frequency vibration to be transmitted to the vehicle body. Since the structure of the air spring supports the vehicle body with air, the pulsation is not generated, and the natural frequency of the vehicle body moving up and down is low, so that the performance of blocking high-frequency vibration is good. Since the spring constant kv of the air spring increases as the load increases, the spring constant cannot be expressed by a certain value like a coil spring, and the change in the natural frequency of the up and down motion is small due to the increase or decrease of the passenger. . In many practical vehicles, it has been confirmed (compared to a coil spring) that by designing a low spring constant air spring through the auxiliary air chamber, the natural frequency of the air spring can be reduced, and the acceleration vibration of the vehicle body becomes smaller.
The practical use of the air spring bogie air spring bogie in the initial practical phase began in the United States and was applied after the application on the air spring bus. Pioneer of Budd Company of the United States is the first commercial air spring vehicle. The Pioneer is a two-layer airbag-shaped air spring that utilizes the lateral spring stiffness of the air spring and is a very novel air spring bogie that is eye-catching. The auxiliary air chamber is placed inside the box-shaped bogie bolster, and the development of the Japanese air spring has had a certain influence in various aspects. This magazine No.67 was introduced by Mr. Uchida to introduce the all-stainless steel air spring vehicle made by the Tokyu Vehicle Manufacturing Plant as a technological improvement and to provide it to the private railway. After the Second World War, with the revival of railway transportation, the speed of the vehicle was urgently required and the ride comfort was improved. The research and design of the air spring bogie was carried out with the assistance of rubber manufacturers.
The bogie developed in this paper is a bogie with a lateral vibration linkage mechanism called a pillar boom, which replaces the metal coil spring used as a bolster spring (2-series suspension spring) and is equipped with an air spring. . As shown, the air spring is a three-layer airbag-shaped structure that is used as a spring that acts only in the up and down direction, and the auxiliary air chamber utilizes the internal space of the upper bolster beam. Japan's original air spring bogies were all three-layer airbag-shaped air springs with bolster booms.
The self-attenuation of the air spring and the bogie without the upper and lower vibration of the bolster spring provide an orifice between the air spring body and the auxiliary air chamber, and by giving air flow resistance, a spring action is applied to the air spring, and Attenuation was given, which was known at the outset of the development of air spring bogies. On the other hand, it is also known that the flow characteristics of the air passing through the orifice are non-linear, and that the orifice diameter of the orifice is reduced, and if the flow resistance is increased, the spring constant of the air spring is increased. Since it is not understood how much attenuation can be given by merely relying on the orifice, for this reason, in the initial stage of the air spring bogie, a hydraulic damper is installed in parallel with the air spring like the conventional bogie. Sumitomo Metal Co., Ltd. considered the design of the bogie with self-attenuating air springs only, and produced an air spring bogie without upper and lower oil dampers. The air spring bogie determines the size of the throttle aperture by running vibration test.
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