Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential nutrient found in living cells as a key component of coenzyme A (CoA). It acts as a coenzyme in various acetylation reactions, playing a crucial role in energy metabolism. In the body, different carboxylic acids combine with the thiol (-SH) group of CoA through acetylation, forming unstable high-energy thioester bonds. These compounds enhance biochemical activity and are vital for metabolic processes such as fatty acid synthesis and breakdown. A deficiency in pantothenic acid can impair CoA synthesis, leading to disruptions in these critical metabolic pathways and causing a range of health issues.
**Clinical Symptoms:**
In growing pigs, a deficiency in pantothenic acid can lead to several noticeable symptoms. Affected animals often show reduced appetite, diarrhea, and feces containing mucus or blood. Growth rates may slow down, and some pigs may experience weight loss. Skin conditions such as dryness, thickened scales, and dark brown exudates can appear, especially around the eyelids, nose, and between the ears. Hair loss in blocky patterns and peeling of the skin can result in dermatitis or ulcers that spread across the face, front part of the body, and eventually the entire body. Piglets may struggle to nurse, while sows may fail to come into estrus, have abortions, stillbirths, or reduced milk production. Boars may exhibit low sexual drive. Some affected pigs may develop neurological symptoms, such as difficulty moving, weakness in the hind legs, stiff joints, and a distinctive gait known as "goose stepping."
**Treatment:**
1. Adjust the diet by reducing corn content to 45%–55%, and increase rice bran and wheat bran. If necessary, provide complete feed pellets to ensure adequate nutrition.
2. Administer calcium pantothenate at a dose of 4–6 units per kilogram of body weight, given 1–2 times daily for 5–7 days.
3. Supplement the feed with yeast tablets at a rate of 30–60 grams per day for over a month to support overall health.
4. Add calcium pantothenate directly to the feed at a dosage of 10–20 mg per kilogram of body weight for a period of 10–15 days.
Proper dietary management and supplementation are essential in preventing and treating pantothenic acid deficiency, ensuring the well-being and productivity of livestock. Regular monitoring of animal health and feeding practices can help avoid such deficiencies and promote optimal growth and reproduction.
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