In the 40 years from 1965 to 2000, global food production has doubled, although the rate of increase in food production varies widely between developed and underdeveloped countries, but it has largely fed the world's 6 billion people. This is mainly due to measures such as large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, expansion of watering area, spraying of chemical pesticides and improvement of varieties. In 20 50, the global population will increase by 50%, and food production must increase accordingly. The large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only pollutes the environment, but the utilization rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has decreased year by year, from 75% in 1960 to 25% in 1997. Therefore, how to supply high-quality and high-efficiency fertilizers for crops has become a problem that must be solved in the sustainable development of global agriculture. For China's agriculture, which accounts for one-fifth of the world's population, the situation is particularly severe. China's current chemical nitrogen fertilizer production (still in need of imports) and application volume ranks first in the world. In order to increase China's crop yield and achieve sustainable agriculture, it is urgent to develop safe and efficient green fertilizer.
The scientific definition of fertilizers The essential nutrients for crop growth are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and chlorine. In addition, some plants also need specific elements, such as fiber crops need sodium, rice and other cereal crops need silicon, and milk vetch requires iodine. The content of nutrients in plants varies from plant to plant. The top ten are large, accounting for about a thousandths of the dry weight of the plant, or tens of percent, called a large number of elements; the latter seven are small, about a few ten thousandths, or even parts per million, called Trace elements. In general, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen account for about 92.5%, they come from air and water; nitrogen accounts for about 2.5%, mainly from the soil, and lightning can also bring a small amount of nitrogen. In addition, Rhizobium and non-legumes that are symbiotic with legumes, and some non-legume trees (such as boxwood, sea buckthorn, Casuarina, etc.) symbiotic nodules can fix nitrogen in the air, providing host plants with nitrogen. Nitrogen. The total content of other elements is about 5%, mainly from the soil, and trace elements can also be provided by foliar spraying.
Different plants absorb these elements from the soil during their life cycle. To this end, nutrients containing these elements must be added to the soil during each growing season. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in high-yield crops is much greater than the supply of soil. Adding substances containing these essential elements to the soil is collectively referred to as fertilizer. Fertilizers can be inorganic compounds, generally called fertilizer; may be organic, such as plant stalks and animal waste, said organic fertilizer. In the past, traditional agriculture in China used organic fertilizer, that is, farmyard manure that was tanning or composting (fermented by natural microorganisms). The nutrient content of farmyard manure is low, the amount of use is large, the fertilizer efficiency is slow, and it is unsanitary, and the crop is difficult to produce high; the fertilizer has quick fertilizer effect, the application amount is small, the application is easy, and the crop yield is high. However, due to the single large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, soil compaction and water pollution, soil organic matter content and agricultural product quality are degraded, which is not conducive to the development of sustainable agriculture.
Biofertilizer is a modern term that is proposed for Chem i cal fertilier and is essentially a category of organic fertilizers. It differs from the farm manure lies in the choice of a particular microorganism inoculant is mixed human and animal feces and plant residues by microbial fermentation, and to accelerate the maturity of the smell, after drying (and eliminate some of parasites and pathogens) made of an organic fertilizer. The key to this fertilizer which is selected as a fermentation microorganism which organic material selected agent and as a fermentation substrate. Biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer plants as needed, with the application of scientifically, in order to gradually for people to consensus. The advantage of this fertilizer is that: 1) can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer; 2) reduce the loss of fertilizer, and improve efficiency; 3) Additional soil organic matter, improve soil structure; 4) in a microbial fermentation process will produce some promote Plant growth or resistance to pests and diseases is conducive to plant growth and health care.
This compound fertilizer is recommended as “green fertilizer†to distinguish it from pure bio-fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers (including inorganic and organic compound fertilizers). Emphasizing green is also a need to protect the environment. The composition of the green fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer fermented by beneficial microorganisms, and a certain amount of inorganic chemical fertilizer should be mixed as needed.
It is recommended to develop standardized green fertilizer plants to standardize the requirements of green fertilizer plants: 1) The organic matter to be used should be defined. It is recommended to use fertiliser, livestock, poultry manure, or cheap oil, a small amount of chaff or straw and weeds as fermentation. Matrix (can be researched according to local conditions); 2) use high-efficiency mixed bacteria (preferably Bacillus which can dissolve phosphorus, dissolve potassium and produce growth-promoting and pest-resistant substances); 3) Ferment in a ventilated shading site, The cycle is not more than 10 days; 4) After high temperature (not more than 80 °C), it is made into granular fertilizer after being dried. After nutrient analysis, according to the requirements of tobacco leaf standard, supplement the nutrients with chemical fertilizer, mix and sell the bags; or directly ferment the fertilizer After drying, bagging sales (should be based on industry standards, indicating the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and methods of use), farmers need to make up the necessary nutrients as needed; 5) choose a good site, preferably near large livestock and poultry farms The plant should be equipped with microbial culture and nutrient analysis and testing workshop; 6) The price should strive to be the same as the corresponding chemical fertilizer.
Finally, it is recommended that the national industry quality inspection department take the lead in organizing the establishment of industry associations, including entrepreneurs and scientists, to exchange experiences and discuss industry development issues on a regular basis. The relevant state administrative departments should give strong support in terms of capital and manpower, restore the original technology promotion stations or soil and fertilizer stations in various places, and guide farmers in scientific fertilization.
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Li Jilun from: Farmers Daily
The scientific definition of fertilizers The essential nutrients for crop growth are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and chlorine. In addition, some plants also need specific elements, such as fiber crops need sodium, rice and other cereal crops need silicon, and milk vetch requires iodine. The content of nutrients in plants varies from plant to plant. The top ten are large, accounting for about a thousandths of the dry weight of the plant, or tens of percent, called a large number of elements; the latter seven are small, about a few ten thousandths, or even parts per million, called Trace elements. In general, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen account for about 92.5%, they come from air and water; nitrogen accounts for about 2.5%, mainly from the soil, and lightning can also bring a small amount of nitrogen. In addition, Rhizobium and non-legumes that are symbiotic with legumes, and some non-legume trees (such as boxwood, sea buckthorn, Casuarina, etc.) symbiotic nodules can fix nitrogen in the air, providing host plants with nitrogen. Nitrogen. The total content of other elements is about 5%, mainly from the soil, and trace elements can also be provided by foliar spraying.
Different plants absorb these elements from the soil during their life cycle. To this end, nutrients containing these elements must be added to the soil during each growing season. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in high-yield crops is much greater than the supply of soil. Adding substances containing these essential elements to the soil is collectively referred to as fertilizer. Fertilizers can be inorganic compounds, generally called fertilizer; may be organic, such as plant stalks and animal waste, said organic fertilizer. In the past, traditional agriculture in China used organic fertilizer, that is, farmyard manure that was tanning or composting (fermented by natural microorganisms). The nutrient content of farmyard manure is low, the amount of use is large, the fertilizer efficiency is slow, and it is unsanitary, and the crop is difficult to produce high; the fertilizer has quick fertilizer effect, the application amount is small, the application is easy, and the crop yield is high. However, due to the single large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, soil compaction and water pollution, soil organic matter content and agricultural product quality are degraded, which is not conducive to the development of sustainable agriculture.
Biofertilizer is a modern term that is proposed for Chem i cal fertilier and is essentially a category of organic fertilizers. It differs from the farm manure lies in the choice of a particular microorganism inoculant is mixed human and animal feces and plant residues by microbial fermentation, and to accelerate the maturity of the smell, after drying (and eliminate some of parasites and pathogens) made of an organic fertilizer. The key to this fertilizer which is selected as a fermentation microorganism which organic material selected agent and as a fermentation substrate. Biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer plants as needed, with the application of scientifically, in order to gradually for people to consensus. The advantage of this fertilizer is that: 1) can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer; 2) reduce the loss of fertilizer, and improve efficiency; 3) Additional soil organic matter, improve soil structure; 4) in a microbial fermentation process will produce some promote Plant growth or resistance to pests and diseases is conducive to plant growth and health care.
This compound fertilizer is recommended as “green fertilizer†to distinguish it from pure bio-fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers (including inorganic and organic compound fertilizers). Emphasizing green is also a need to protect the environment. The composition of the green fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer fermented by beneficial microorganisms, and a certain amount of inorganic chemical fertilizer should be mixed as needed.
It is recommended to develop standardized green fertilizer plants to standardize the requirements of green fertilizer plants: 1) The organic matter to be used should be defined. It is recommended to use fertiliser, livestock, poultry manure, or cheap oil, a small amount of chaff or straw and weeds as fermentation. Matrix (can be researched according to local conditions); 2) use high-efficiency mixed bacteria (preferably Bacillus which can dissolve phosphorus, dissolve potassium and produce growth-promoting and pest-resistant substances); 3) Ferment in a ventilated shading site, The cycle is not more than 10 days; 4) After high temperature (not more than 80 °C), it is made into granular fertilizer after being dried. After nutrient analysis, according to the requirements of tobacco leaf standard, supplement the nutrients with chemical fertilizer, mix and sell the bags; or directly ferment the fertilizer After drying, bagging sales (should be based on industry standards, indicating the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and methods of use), farmers need to make up the necessary nutrients as needed; 5) choose a good site, preferably near large livestock and poultry farms The plant should be equipped with microbial culture and nutrient analysis and testing workshop; 6) The price should strive to be the same as the corresponding chemical fertilizer.
Finally, it is recommended that the national industry quality inspection department take the lead in organizing the establishment of industry associations, including entrepreneurs and scientists, to exchange experiences and discuss industry development issues on a regular basis. The relevant state administrative departments should give strong support in terms of capital and manpower, restore the original technology promotion stations or soil and fertilizer stations in various places, and guide farmers in scientific fertilization.
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Li Jilun from: Farmers Daily
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