**Definition of Dangerous Goods:**
Dangerous goods refer to items or substances that can pose a risk to human health, safety, or property during air transportation. These materials may cause harm to the aircraft, crew, passengers, or other cargo. As such, their transport is strictly regulated by international and national laws. In China, as well as in other countries involved in the shipping process, all dangerous goods must be handled in compliance with relevant regulations to ensure safe handling and transportation.
**Absolutely Prohibited from Air Transport:**
Certain dangerous goods are completely banned from being transported by air due to their high risk level. These include:
- Explosives that can spontaneously combust or decompose within 75°C and 48 hours;
- Explosives containing both chlorate and ammonium salts;
- Explosives made up of a mixture of chlorate and phosphorus;
- Solid explosives that are extremely sensitive to mechanical vibration;
- Liquid explosives that are also highly sensitive to mechanical vibration;
- Items that could generate dangerous heat or gas under normal air transport conditions;
- Flammable solids and organic peroxides, which require secondary hazard labels (such as "Explosive" or "Flammable") when packaged for transport.
**Classification of Dangerous Goods:**
The United Nations has established a system to classify dangerous goods into nine main categories, each with subcategories based on the type of risk they pose. Here's an overview:
**Category 1 – Explosives:**
- 1.1: Substances with a mass explosion hazard.
- 1.2: Substances that can produce projectiles but not a full explosion.
- 1.3: Substances that pose a fire, minor explosion, or projectile risk.
- 1.4: Substances with minimal danger, such as low-risk fireworks.
- 1.5: Substances with a significant explosion risk but low sensitivity.
- 1.6: Substances that do not have an overall explosion risk but are still sensitive.
**Category 2 – Gases:**
- 2.1: Flammable gases, like propane or hydrogen.
- 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gases, such as nitrogen or helium.
- 2.3: Toxic gases, such as chlorine or carbon monoxide.
**Category 3 – Flammable Liquids:**
This includes substances like gasoline, alcohol, and other liquids that can catch fire easily.
**Category 4 – Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible Materials, and Substances That Release Flammable Gases When Wet:**
- 4.1: Flammable solids, such as matches or sulfur.
- 4.2: Pyrophoric substances, which ignite upon exposure to air.
- 4.3: Substances that react violently with water, releasing flammable gases.
**Category 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:**
- 5.1: Oxidizing agents that can cause or enhance combustion.
- 5.2: Organic peroxides, which are unstable and can explode if not properly stored.
**Category 6 – Toxic and Infectious Substances:**
- 6.1: Toxic substances that can cause serious harm or death.
- 6.2: Infectious materials, such as biological agents or medical waste.
**Category 7 – Radioactive Materials:**
These include substances that emit ionizing radiation, such as uranium or cobalt-60.
**Category 8 – Corrosive Substances:**
Substances that can corrode metal, skin, or other materials, such as acids or alkalis.
**Category 9 – Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods:**
This category covers items that don't fit into the previous groups but still pose a risk, such as lithium batteries, dry ice, or magnetic materials.
Understanding these classifications is essential for proper packaging, labeling, and handling of dangerous goods to ensure the safety of everyone involved in the transportation process.The liquid inlet/outlet adopts a ceramic hard seal structure, the liquid is in contact with the ceramic throughout the entire process, and does not touch the stainless steel jacket. The ceramic parts of the liquid inlet/outlet can be disassembled for cleaning and disinfection like the ceramic plunger rod and the ceramic reversing rod, which completely solves the problem of cleaning the dead angle between the steel jacket and the ceramic.
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