Chemical pumps use various sealing methods to prevent leakage and ensure safe operation. Here's a detailed overview of the common sealing types used in chemical pumps:
One of the most traditional sealing methods is the **packing seal**, also known as a gland packing seal. This type of seal uses flexible packing material, such as braided fibers or PTFE, placed into a stuffing box. When the gland is tightened, it compresses the packing radially, creating a tight seal. Packing seals are widely used due to their simple design, ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness. However, they may require regular maintenance and can wear over time.
Another common method is the **gasket seal**, which is typically used for static joints between flanges or pipe connections. Gaskets are made from materials like rubber, metal, or non-metallic sheets and provide a reliable seal under certain pressure and temperature conditions. They are especially useful in applications where disassembly is required for maintenance.
The **labyrinth seal** works by creating a series of narrow passages that increase fluid resistance, reducing leakage. This method is effective but not commonly used in chemical pumps due to its relatively high leakage rate compared to other methods. It is more suitable for low-pressure or non-critical applications.
**Threaded seals** are often used for small-diameter connections. There are two main types: one involves a gasket between threaded parts, while the other combines threads with packing material. These seals are practical for smaller systems where space is limited.
**Power seals**, also called **auxiliary impeller seals**, are installed behind the main impeller in the pump chamber. The auxiliary impeller generates pressure that balances the discharge pressure, preventing liquid from leaking out. This type of seal is simple, reliable, and ideal for pumps handling media with impurities or solids.
Lastly, **oil seals** (also known as lip seals) are used to prevent both internal leakage and external contamination. They are simple in design, inexpensive, and easy to replace. However, they are not suitable for high-pressure environments and are typically used in low-pressure chemical pumps.
Each sealing method has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on factors such as pressure, temperature, media type, and maintenance requirements. Understanding these options helps in selecting the most appropriate sealing solution for a given application.
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